tumor necrosis factor α

CJ-42794 (CJ-042794) is a selective antagonist of the prostaglandin E receptor subtype 4 (EP4), inhibiting [3H]-PGE2 binding to the human EP4 receptor with a mean pKi of 8.5. It exhibits a binding affinity that is at least 200-fold more selective for the human EP4 receptor than for other human EP receptor subtypes (EP1, EP2, and EP3) (IC50: 8.5 (pKi)).

HS-243 is an inhibitor of IRAK-4 and IRAK-1 with IC50s of 20 and 24 nM. HS-243 shows anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity.

TNF-α (31-45), human acetate is a peptide of tumor necrosis factor-α.

R-7050 (TNF-α Antagonist III) is a tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) antagonist that exhibits heightened selectivity for TNFα.

Taurocholic acid (N-Choloyltaurine) is a bile acid involved in fat emulsification, possessing notable biological and immunomodulatory activities. It can inhibit bile duct injury induced by hepatic artery ligation by upregulating VEGF-A expression and protect cholangiocytes from TNF-α-induced damage via a PI3K-mediated pathway, and is commonly used to induce pancreatitis models.

SR-318 is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK, demonstrating IC50 values of 5 nM for p38α, 32 nM for p38β, and 6.11 μM for p38α β. It possesses both anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity.

Muscone (3-Methylcyclopentadecanone) is an organic compound that is the primary contributor to the odor of musk.

1. Linalool (Linalol), a natural compound of the essential oils, has been shown to have antinociceptive, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. 2. Linalool was protected against LPS/GalN-induced liver injury through induction of antioxidant defense via Nrf2 activating and reduction inflammatory response via NF-κB inhibition. 3. Linalool biosynthesis and accumulation might be involved in plant defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens and be associated with field resistance to citrus canker. 4. Linalool significantly increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes regulated by Nrf-2 and diminished lung tissue levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6.

ABzOH is a benzoic acid derivative, similar in structure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin, with anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-proliferative effects. ABzOH can not only inhibit the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-a), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines, but also inhibit breast cancer, lung cancer and pancreatic cancer.

Sodium taurocholate is a biologically active compound that can inhibit bile duct injury induced by hepatic artery ligation by upregulating VEGF-A expression. It also exhibits immunomodulatory effects and can be used to induce pancreatitis models.

MG-T-19, a TIM-3 inhibitor (KD=0.26 μM), significantly inhibited the interaction of TIM-3 with PtdSer, CEACAM1, and Gal-9, and increased the production of TNF-α and IFN-γ in PBMCs, which reactivated the tumor-attacking ability of T cells.

AX-024 hydrochloride (AX-024 HCl) is an cytokine release inhibitor which can strongly inhibit the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-10 and IL-17A.

Sanggenon C is a flavanone Diels-Alder adduct compound isolated from the root bark of Morus alba. Sanggenon C can inhibit NF-κB activity, inhibit the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in RAW264.7 cells, and inhibit tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated cell adhesion and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression; Sanggenon C also has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and also has the effect of inhibiting pancreatic lipase. [1,2]

QNZ (EVP4593) (EVP4593) is an effective inhibitor of NF-κB activation and TNF-α production. The IC50 of QNZ for NF-κB and TNF-α is11 nM and 7 nM, respectively.

CPI1189 (REN-1189) is a TNF-a release inhibitor potentially for the treatment of sciatica and postherpetic neuralgia.

AZ12601011 is an orally active, selective and potent TGFBR1 kinase inhibitor.AZ12601011 inhibits the release of inflammatory factors, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and inhibits the growth of breast tumors.AZ12601011 directly binds to TGF-βR1 and blocks downstream Smad3 activation, which can be used to prevent renal fibrosis.

(+)-Shikonin (Anchusa acid) is a natural product, a TMEM16A chloride channel inhibitor (IC50=6.5 μM) and selective PKM2 inhibitor. (+)-Shikonin exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities.

Apratastat is an orally active, potent, and reversible dual inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and it also can potently inhibit the release of TNF-α in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo with IC50s of 144 ng mL in vitro and 81.7 ng mL ex vivo, respectively[1].

BI605906 is an IKKβ inhibitor that inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha-dependent IkappaB degradation and expression of the pro-inflammatory mediator interleukin-6, which can be used to study inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis.

C 87 is a small-molecule TNF-α inhibitor. C 87 directly binds to TNFα, potently inhibits TNF-α-induced cytotoxicity (IC50 = 8.73 μM), and effectively blocks TNF-α-triggered signaling activities.

Eucalyptol, a natural monoterpenoid and cyclic ether found in eucalyptus species, effectively controls excessive airway mucus secretion and asthma by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines. It serves as an efficacious treatment for non-purulent sinusitis, reducing inflammation and pain when applied topically, and demonstrating leukemic cell-killing capabilities in vitro.

VGX-1027 (GIT 27) is an isoxazole compound with various immunomodulatory properties.

TNF-α (31-45), human, is a peptide of tumor necrosis factor-α.

Triphenyl phosphate can disrupt placental tryptophan metabolism by activating MAOA/ROS/NFκB, leading to abnormal neural behavior. It promotes oxidative stress by inducing inflammatory factors such as nuclear factor κ B (NFκB), interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α. Additionally, triphenyl phosphate may cause allergic contact dermatitis.