virus protease

β-Herpesvirus protease-IN-1 (compound 19) acts as an inhibitor of β-herpesvirus protease, demonstrating IC50 values of 2.5 μM for HCMVPro and 0.33 μM for HHV6Pro [1].

Vorinostat (SAHA) is a pan-histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor (IC50=10 nM) with inhibitory activity against HDAC1/2/3/6/7/11. Vorinostat has antitumor activity, induces cell differentiation, blocks the cell cycle and induces apoptosis.

QL-X-138 is a potent and selective BTK and MNK dual kinase inhibitor that binds covalently to BTK and non-covalently to MNK. The IC50 values of QL-X-138 are 9.4 nM for BTK, 107.4 nM for MNK1, 26 nM for MNK2, and 3.5 μM against Dengue 2. QL-X-138 is used in the study of B-cell malignancies and B-cell malignant tumors.

(+)-JNJ-A07 is a pan-serotypic dengue virus inhibitor that targets NS3-NS4B interaction with high potency. (+)-JNJ-A07 has antiviral activity and can be used to study dengue virus infections.

Aspirin is an orally active, selective, and irreversible inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 with IC₅₀ values of 5 and 210 μg/mL, respectively. It induces apoptosis, inhibits NF-κB activation and platelet prostaglandin synthesis, thereby preventing thrombosis. Additionally, it acts as a histone deacetylase inhibitor that upregulates p21, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-platelet aggregation activities. Aspirin is commonly used to induce gastric ulcer models.

2-Phenylethanol (Phenylethanol) is an antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant. It is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.

Fluticasone propionate (CCI-187881), derived from fluticasone used to remedy asthma and allergic rhinitis, is a high affinity, selective GR (glucocorticoid receptor) agonist.

Foscarnet sodium (Phosphonoformate) is an antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.

Artesunate (WR-256283) is part of the artemisinin group of drugs that treat malaria. It is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin that is water-soluble and may therefore be given by injection. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Aminothiazole (2-Aminothiazole), a thyroid inhibitor, displays antibacterial activity.

Phenytoin (5,5-Diphenylhydantoin) is a hydantoin derivative and a non-sedative antiepileptic agent with anticonvulsant activity. It potentially acts by promoting sodium efflux from neurons in the motor cortex, reducing post-tetanic potentiation at synapses. This prevents cortical seizure foci from spreading to adjacent areas and stabilizes the threshold against hyperexcitability. Additionally, it appears to reduce muscle spindle sensitivity to stretch, causing muscle relaxation.

Plerixafor (AMD-3329), a chemokine receptor antagonist, blocks the binding of stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1alpha) to the cellular receptor CXCR4.

Plerixafor octahydrochloride (JM3100 octahydrochloride) blocks the binding of stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1alpha) to the cellular receptor CXCR4, resulting in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) release from bone marrow and HSC movement into the peripheral circulation. Plerixafor is a bicyclam with hematopoietic stem cell-mobilizing activity.

Angelicin (Isopsoralen), is a furanocoumarin with anti-Y, antiviral, anti-inflammatory activity.

L-Lysine (Aminutrin) is one of nine essential amino acids in humans required for growth and tissue repair, Lysine is supplied by many foods, especially red meats, fish, and dairy products. Lysine seems to be active against herpes simplex viruses and present in many forms of diet supplements. The mechanism underlying this effect is based on the viral need for amino acid arginine; lysine competes with arginine for absorption and entry into cells. Lysine inhibits HSV growth by knocking out arginine.

4-Phenylbutyric acid (Benzenebutyric acid) is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and an endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) inhibitor. 4-Phenylbutyric acid can be used to treat urea cycle disorders.

L-Lysine hydrochloride, an essential amino acid for humans, offers numerous benefits including the treatment of herpes, reduction of diabetes-related illnesses, enhanced calcium absorption, and improved gut health.

Anthraquinone (Anthradione)s are the main active constituents in herbs often used to relieve constipation.

(-)-α-Pinene ((1S)-(-)-Alpha-Pinene) enhances the quantity of NREMS without affecting the intensity of NREMS by prolonging GABAergic synaptic transmission, acting as a partial modulator of GABAA-BZD receptors and directly binding to the BZD binding site of GABAA receptor.

Dynasore (Dynamin Inhibitor I), a cell-permeable chemical, can reversibly and non-competitivity inhibit GTPase activity of dynamin 1 2 (IC50: 15 μM in a cell-free assay). It also inhibits the mitochondrial dynamin Drp1, with no effect against other small GTPase.

ST-193 is a potent inhibitor of broad-spectrum arenavirus(Guanarito, Junin, Lassa and Machupo virus with IC50 values of 0.44, 0.62, 1.4 and 3.1 nM, respectively).

SP187 (MON-DNJ) is a host-targeted iminosugar. It has anti-filovirus infection activity.SP187 is used for therapeutic use against influenza and dengue viruses.

Ebselen (CCG-39161) is a organoselenium compound with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and cytoprotective activity. Ebselen acts as a glutathione peroxidase mimetic and is thereby able to prevent cellular damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, this agent inhibits the activity of a variety of enzymes including nitric oxide synthase (NOS), 5-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, protein kinase C (PKC), NADPH oxidase and gastric H+/K+-ATPase. Furthermore, ebselen may be neuroprotective due to its ability to neutralize free radicals upon NMDA receptor activation thus, reducing lipoperoxidation mediated by glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.

Minnelide is a water-soluble tretinoin lactone prodrug with anticancer and antitumor activity that induces apoptosis and may prevent podocyte damage.Minnelide inhibits cervical cancer growth by blocking HPV-induced changes in p53 and pRb.