no synthase

5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid shows anti-oxidative activity; it also shows anti-inflammatory activity, the underlying mechanism was associated with downregulation of nuclear factor-κB.

1. L-Arginine (L-Arg) exhibits anti-atherosclerotic effect. 2. L-Arginine and soy enriched diet are effective in prevention of osteoporosis associated with diabetes mellitus. 3. Exogenous L-Arginine could enhance neonate lymphocyte proliferation through an interleukin-2-independent pathway. 4. A combination of oral L-citrulline and L-Arginine effectively and rapidly augments NO-dependent responses at the acute stage.

Ginsenoside C-K (Ginsenoside K) is a bacterial metabolite of G-Rb1 exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects by reducing iNOS and COX-2.

Chondroitin sulfate (Chonsurid) is extracted from shark bone;Store the product in sealed, cool and dry condition

L-Arginine hydrochloride is a nitrogen donor for synthesis of nitric oxide.

Kadsulignan H (compound 13), a lignan, exhibits inhibitory activity on nitric oxide (NO) production, presenting an IC50 value of 14.1 μM in BV-2 cells [1].

2',3,5,6',7-Pentahydroxyflavanone (3,5,7,2',6'-Pentahydroxyflavanone) is a natural product isolated from the roots of *Scutellaria baicalensis*.

Multiflorin B (compound 5), a kaempferol glycoside, can be extracted from the root of Neocheiropteris palmatopedata. This compound demonstrates the ability to inhibit nitric oxide production, achieving a 52% inhibition at a concentration of 20 μg ml [1].

1. Irisflorentin blocks apoptosis pathways, by exerting its effects by promoting rpn-3 expression to enhance the activity of proteasomes and down-regulating egl-1 expression. 2. Irisflorentin has anti-inflammatory mechanism in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macr

α-Viniferin known as 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids, that are inhibitors of prostaglandin H2 synthetase. α-Viniferin has anti-Alzheimer's disease, anti-tuberculosis, anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, anti-diabetes and other pharmacological activitie

Tirucallol is an antiinflammatory agent isolated from Euphorbia lactea.Tirucallol exerts a topical anti-inflammatory effect in vivo, via a mechanism of action related to the neutrophil migration.

trans-3-Indoleacrylic acid is one of the endogenous metabolites that inhibits RSL3-induced ferroptosis and can be used to study colorectal cancer.

Schiarisanrin A (Kadsulignan J), a lignan, exhibits inhibitory activity on nitric oxide (NO) production, demonstrating an IC50 of 9.6 μM in BV-2 cells [1].

Meliadubin B, a natural triterpenoid, effectively inhibits inflammatory responses by suppressing superoxide anion generation in human neutrophils (EC 50 of 5.54 μM) as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase activity. Additionally, it demonstrates significant antifungal properties against the rice pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, with an IC 50 of 182.50 μM.

Anemarsaponin B has anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-treated RAW 264.7macrophages, the effect is associated with the inhibition of NF-κB transcriptional activity, possibly via the p38 MAP kinase pathway. Anemarsaponin B can inhibit PAF-induced rabbit platelet aggregation in vitro.

Tsugaric acid A significantly inhibits superoxide anion formation in fMLP CB-stimulated rat neutrophils and protects human keratinocytes against damage induced by ultraviolet B (UV B) light, indicating that tsugaric acid A can safeguard keratinocytes from photodamage.

Eupatolide is isolated from the flowers of Inula japonica with anti-inflammatory activity. Eupatolide can be used in studies about TRAIL resistance in breast cancer cells.

Madecassic acid (L-fucopyranose) is extracted from the whole herb of Centella asiatica.

Paederosidic acid methyl ester has antinociception, is possibly related to the pathway of NO-cGMP-ATP sensitive K(+) channels.

Euscaphic acid has anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities, it inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by interference with the clustering of TRAF6 with IRAK1 and TAK1, resulting in blocking the activation of IKK and MAPKs signal transduction

Taraxasterol (Taraxasterin) is compound with anti-inflammatory activity.

Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (EDHB): a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor attenuates acute hypobaric hypoxia mediated vascular leakage in brain.

Mogroside III-A2 exhibits inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 346-400 mol ratio 32 pmol TPA. and shows weak inhibitory effects on activation of (+ -)-(E)-methyl-2-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-5-nitro-6-methoxy-3-hexemide (NOR 1), a nitric oxide (NO) donor.

Ciwujianoside C3 comes from Acanthopanax senticosus.