precursor

L-DOPA belongs to the category of dopamine precursors, serving as an orally active neurotransmitter metabolic precursor capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier and undergoing conversion to dopamine within the brain. The compound exhibits anti-hyperalgesic properties and finds application in Parkinson's disease research as well as in the induction of disease models.

Succinic acid (1, 2-ethanedicarboxylic acid) is a product of anaerobic metabolism and an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

Deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, possessing mineralocorticoid activity and serving as a precursor to aldosterone. As an agonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor, DOCA can induce severe kidney damage, including inflammation, fibrosis, glomerular injury, and proteinuria. It is commonly used to establish animal models of chronic kidney injury and hypertension.

N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU/MNU/NMH) is a nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties; as a direct-acting alkylating agent, it interacts with DNA and targets multiple animal organs to induce various cancers and degenerative diseases, and is commonly used to induce disease models such as gastric cancer and breast cancer in mice.

3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

2-Ketoglutaric acid Sodium (AKG) is a key molecule in the TCA cycle. It can be produced from glutamate by oxidative deamination via glutamate dehydrogenase and as a product of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transamination reactions (mediated by branched-chain amino acid transaminases) in which glutamate is a common amino donor.

cis,cis-Muconic acid (cis,cis-2,4-Hexadienedioic acid) is a naturally-occurring organic acid. It is used in the manufacture of several widely-used consumer plastics. Its microbial production via extending the shikimate pathway has been reported.

2-Ketoglutaric acid is a reversible inhibitor of tyrosinase (IC50=15 mM) and exhibits antioxidant activity. As an intermediate in the Krebs cycle, 2-Ketoglutaric acid can generate ATP or GTP. 2-Ketoglutaric acid also serves as the primary carbon skeleton for nitrogen assimilation reactions.

DL-Tyrosine is a natural product.

Thymidine (DThyd) is a cell synchronizing agent and a specific precursor of deoxyribonucleic acid. Thymidine inhibits DNA synthesis and can cause cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase.

DMNB (6-Nitroveratraldehyde) is DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor with IC50 of 15 μM, an enzyme involved in the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway of double-stranded DNA break (DSB) repair in human cells.

Oxethazaine (Oxetacaine), a topical anesthetic, is used to prevent acid-induced esophageal pain.

A40926 (Dalbavancin Impurity) is effective against Gram positive bacteria.

1. Gypsogenin-3-O-glucuronide (Methyl gypsogenin 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopy) shows inhibitory activity toward pancreatic lipase with IC5 value of .29 mM, and the free carboxylic acid groups in position 28 within its chemical structures are required for enhancement of pancreatic lipase inhibition.

EHT 1864 (EHT 1864 2HCl) is a Rac family GTPase inhibitor that blocks activation by direct binding to Rac1, Rac1b, Rac2, and Rac3 (Kd=40/50/60/250 nM). EHT 1864 inhibits Rac, Ras, and Tiam-induced growth transformation of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts.

Sclareol glycol, a diterpene diol, is utilized as a precursor in the synthesis of ambroxide. It is characterized by a specific stereochemistry at its (3S,6R,8aS)-configurations, with two hydroxyl groups attached at the [2R,3aR,6S,8aR]-octahydro-3a,6,6,8a-tetramethyl-2-(1-methylethyl) perhydrophenanthrene framework.

BR351 precursor is a precursor of BR351, a brain-penetrant MMP inhibitor [IC50s: 4, 2, 11, 50 nM for MMP2, MMP8, MMP9, and MMP13].

ROS tracer precursor, the synthesis precursor for [18F]ROStrace, serves in the production of ROStrace. This compound is instrumental in disease diagnosis.

GP1 precursor exhibits high affinity for the GPIIb/IIIa receptors on activated platelets. When labeled with [18F] radioisotope, it serves as a PET tracer to visualize activated platelet aggregation at a molecular level. GP1 precursor is applicable for thrombosis detection.

AZD4694 Precursor (AZ13040214) serves as the foundational compound for synthesizing [18F]AZD4694, a high-affinity amyloid-β imaging ligand targeting amyloid-β plaques [1].

[18F]-Labeled L-dopa precursor is used in the synthesis of 18F-labeled L-dopa[1].

Xenopsin precursor fragment, an antimicrobial peptide, exhibits both antibacterial/antifungal activity at concentrations ranging from 10 to 500 μg/mL and anti-protozoal activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 to 20 μg/mL [1].

β-Amyloid precursor protein (96-110), cyclized (human), a segment of the amyloid precursor protein, serves as a research tool in Alzheimer's disease studies [1].

Beta-Amyloid Protein Precursor 770 (135-155)Aβ Protein Precursor 770 (135-155)