alkaloid

Camptothecin (CPT) belongs to the alkaloid group of natural products and is a specific DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) inhibitor (IC50=679 nM) with specificity. Camptothecin has antitumor activity and induces apoptosis.

Arecoline hydrobromide (Arecoline HBr) is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist.

Norharmane (β-Carboline) is a natural β-carboline first isolated from plants of the Zygophyllaceae family.

Synephrine hydrochloride (Oxedrine hydrochloride) is an agonist that acts on sympathomimetic α-adrenergic receptor (AR).

L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine) functions as a non-selective, competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting the parasympathetic activities of acetylcholine on the salivary, bronchial, and sweat glands, as well as the eye, heart, bladder, and gastrointestinal tract. Hyoscyamine is a belladonna alkaloid derivative and the levorotatory form of racemic atropine isolated from the plants Hyoscyamus niger or Atropa belladonna, which exhibits anticholinergic activity. These inhibitory effects cause a decrease in saliva, bronchial mucus, gastric juices, and sweat. Furthermore, its inhibitory action on smooth muscle prevents bladder contraction and decreases gastrointestinal motility.

Galanthamine N-Oxide, an alkaloid extracted from Zephyranthes concolor bulbs, effectively inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from electric eel with an EC50 of 26.2 μM. It acts as a significant inhibitor of substrate accommodation within the active sites of Torpedo californica AChE (TcAChE), human AChE (hAChE), and human BChE (hBChE) enzymes.

Epi-galantamine, a diastereomer of galantamine, is an alkaloid extracted from the bulbs and flowers of the Caucasian snowdrop (Galanthus woronowii). It acts as an AChE inhibitor, featuring an EC50 of 45.7 μM.

Bicuculline is an alkaloid extracted from Corydalis decumbens, acting as a competitive antagonist of the neurotransmitter GABAA receptor (IC50 = 2 μM). It also blocks Ca2+-activated potassium (SK) channels and inhibits slow afterhyperpolarization (slow AHP). Bicuculline has anticonvulsant effects and is commonly used to establish mouse seizure models.

Yibeinoside A (Sinpeinine-3-O-β-glucoside) is an alkaloid from Fritillaria pallidiflora.

Voacamine (Voacanginine) is an indole alkaloid. Voacamine exhibits potent cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonistic activity. Voacamine also inhibits P-glycoprotein (P-gp) action in multidrug-resistant tumor cells.Voacanginine may have rhythmic effects.

Harmane (Loturine) is a bio-active β-Carboline and monoamine oxidase inhibitor found in coffee and tobacco smoke.

The biological activity of Jervine (Jerwiny) is mediated via its interaction with the 7 passes transmembrane protein Smoothened. Jervine binds with and inhibits smoothened, which is an integral part of the Hedgehog signaling pathways. With smoothened inhibited, the GLI1 transcription cannot be activated and Hedgehog target genes cannot be transcribed.

Jatrorrhizine (neprotin) is a protoberberine alkaloid isolated from Enantia chlorantha (Annonaceae) and other species. It was found to have antimicrobial and antifungal activity. It binds and noncompetitively inhibits monoamine oxidase (IC50 4 micromolar for MAO-A and 62 for MAO-B).

1. Thermopsine (Thermospine) exhibits antibacterial activity.

(+)-Magnoflorine (Thalictrin) has sedative and anxiolytic effects, probably mediated by Magnoflorine through a GABAergic mechanism of action. Magnoflorine and Sinomenine have protective effects, are mediated by some mechanism other than prevention of micelle formation or protection of the erythrocyte membrane against osmotic imbalance.

(+)-Magnoflorine iodide (Thalictrine iodide) has anti-inflammatory activity, it can inhibit inflammations.

Cephaeline hydrochloride, a phenolic alkaloid found in Indian Ipecac, effectively inhibits the infection of viruses ZIKV and EBOV.

Usaramine (Mucronatine) demonstrates phytotoxicity against Lactuca sativa var. Carrascoy (lettuce) assessed as inhibition of seed germination at 50 ug/cm2 after 24 hr.

Jatrorrhizine chloride (Neprotine chloride) is a potent and orally active uptake-2 transporter inhibitor. It exhibits a critical neuroprotective role in H2O2-induced apoptosis via inhibition of the MAPK pathway in HT22 hippocampal neurons.

L-Hyoscyamine sulfate (Levsin Sulfate) is the sulfate salt of a belladonna alkaloid derivative and the levorotatory form of racemic atropine isolated from the plants Hyoscyamus niger or Atropa belladonna, which exhibits anticholinergic activity. Hyoscyamine functions as a non-selective, competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting the parasympathetic activities of acetylcholine on the salivary, bronchial, and sweat glands, as well as the eye, heart, bladder, and gastrointestinal tract. These inhibitory effects cause a decrease in saliva, bronchial mucus, gastric juices, and sweat. Furthermore, its inhibitory action on smooth muscle prevents bladder contraction and decreases gastrointestinal motility.

Arecaidine hydrochloride may have carcinogenesis.

Corynoxine is a tetracyclic oxindole alkaloid isolated from Uncaria macrophylla. It is an autophagy enhancer that promotes α-synuclein clearance through the Akt/mTOR pathway.

Glaucine has antitussive, antioxidative potential and antiviral activities, it may be an anti-arthritic agent, it can enhance LPS and zymosan-induced IL-10 production. Glaucine can inhibit the migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells by MMP-9 i

Lumichrome is an endogenous compound in humans, produced by photodegradation of riboflavin. It utilizes a p53-dependent mechanism to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in human lung cancer cells.