prostate cancer

Nilutamide (RU23908), an antineoplastic hormonal agent, is mainly used in the treatment of prostate Y. Nilutamide is a pure, nonsteroidal anti-androgen with affinity for androgen receptors, but not for estrogen, progestogen, or glucocorticoid receptors. Therefore, Nilutamide can block the action of androgens of testicular and adrenal origin that stimulate the growth of malignant and normal prostatic tissue. Prostate Y is mainly androgen-dependent and can be treat with chemical castration or surgical. So far, antiandrogen monotherapy has not consistently been certified to be equivalent to castration.

Bicalutamide (ICI-176334), a synthetic, nonsteroidal antiandrogen, competitively binds to cytosolic androgen receptors in target tissues, thereby inhibiting the receptor binding of androgens.

Clofoctol is a bacteriostatic antibiotic with activity against Gram-positive bacteria, used in the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections.

Relugolix (RVT-601) is an orally available, non-peptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)) antagonist, with potential antineoplastic activity. Relugolix competitively binds to and blocks the GnRH receptor in the anterior pituitary gland, which both prevents GnRH binding to the GnRH receptor and inhibits the secretion and release of both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). In males, the inhibition of LH secretion prevents the release of testosterone from Leydig cells in the testes. Since testosterone is required to sustain prostate growth, reducing testosterone levels may inhibit hormone-dependent prostate cancer cell proliferation.

Abacavir sulfate (Ziagen) , a nucleoside analogue, effectively utilize its antiviral activity

2-hydroxy Flutamide is competitive inhibition of androgen receptor (AR) for the treatment of prostate cancer

Metoprolol Tartrate is a blocker of the cardioselective β-adrenergic receptor.

Mefloquine (Ro 215998), a quinoline antimalarial agent, is an anti-SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor. Mefloquine is also a K+ channel (KvQT1/minK) antagonist with an IC50 of ~1 μM. Mefloquine can be used for malaria, systemic lupus erythematosus, and cancer research.

Phenoxodiol (Idronoxil) activates the mitochondrial caspase system, inhibits X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis(XIAP), disrupts FLICE inhibitory protein(FLIP) expression, and sensitizes the cancer cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Phenoxodiol induces cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase of the cell cycle and upregulates p21WAF1 via a p53 independent manner. Phenoxodiol also inhibits DNA topoisomerase II.

Lupeol (Monogynol B) is a novel androgen receptor inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

Estramustine phosphate sodium (Ro 21-8837/001) is an antimicrotubule chemotherapy agent; arrests prostate cancer cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle.

1. Agrimol B is a main active ingredient isolated from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb.

AZD3514 is a potent and oral androgen receptor downregulator with Ki of 2.2 μM and has ability of reducing AR protein expression.Phase 1.

Metoprolol succinate is a selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.

Inobrodib (CBP-IN-1) is a potent inhibitor of p300/CBP bromodomain.

20-HETE promotes cell proliferation and migration in cancer and can be used to study prostate tumors and cardiac hypertrophy by activating the protein kinase C pathway to increase FBXO10 expression.

A-485 is a potent and selective catalytic p300/CBP inhibitor with IC50 values of 9.8 nM for p300 and 2.6 nM for CBP.

Forskolin (Coleonol) is a natural product, an adenylate cyclase activator (EC50=0.5 μM). Forskolin increases cAMP levels, activates PXR and FXR, and induces autophagy. Forskolin produces positive inotropic effects in the heart, and has platelet anticoagulant and antihypertensive effects.

1. Ginkgetin has anti-influenza virus and anti-fungal activities. 2. Ginkgetin has anti-inflammatory activity, can down-regulates COX-2 induction in vivo against skin inflammatory responses. 3. Ginkgetin is a good STAT3 inhibitor and may be a useful lead

Enzalutamide (MDV3100) is an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist (IC50=36 nM in LNCaP) that activates autophagy, exhibits antitumor activity, and is commonly used in treating desmoplasia-resistant prostate cancer.

Stattic (STAT3 Inhibitor V) is a STAT3 inhibitor (IC50=5.1 μM) that selectively inhibits STAT3 activation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation. Stattic has antitumor activity and induces apoptosis.

5-A-RU hydrochloride (5-Amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil hydrochloride) is an intermediate of bacterial riboflavin that activates mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT).5-A-RU is used in the study of breast and prostate cancer.

Androgen receptor antagonist 1 is an orally available full antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR), with an IC50 value of 59 nM, demonstrating high potency against AR signaling. Androgen receptor antagonist 1 can further be employed in the synthesis of PROTAC AR degraders, which induce targeted protein degradation, achieving 24% and 47% AR protein reduction in LNCaP cells at concentrations of 1 μM and 10 μM, respectively, thereby offering significant utility in prostate cancer research.

CSRM617 hydrochloride is a selective small-molecule inhibitor of the transcription factor ONECUT2 (OC2, a master regulator of androgen receptor), with a Kd of 7.43 µM in SPR assays, directly binding to the OC2-HOX domain. CSRM617 hydrochloride induces apoptosis through the appearance of cleaved Caspase-3 and PARP and is well tolerated in the mouse model of prostate cancer [1].