kidney

Razuprotafib (AKB-9778) is a protein tyrosine phosphatase ß (HPTPß) inhibitor with an IC50 of 50 nM. It effectively activates Tie-2 and provides protection against acute kidney injury.

Finerenone (BAY-948862) is a nonsteroidal antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) (IC50=18 nM) with selective and oral activity. Finerenone is used in the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes.

Pentamidine dihydrochloride (MP-601205 dihydrochloride) is an aromatic diamidine agent effective against various microorganisms, including protozoa (Trypanosoma brucei, Leishmania spp., and Babesia spp.) and fungi (Pneumocystis jirovecii). It is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases and phosphatase of regenerating liver. Pentamidine dihydrochloride inhibits the parasite Leishmania infantum with an IC50 of 2.5 μM.

Nitrofurantoin (Furadantine), an antibiotic, inhibits bacterial DNA, RNA, and cell wall protein synthesis. Activated by bacterial flavoproteins to intermediates that inactivate bacterial ribosomal proteins, Nitrofurantoin is used prophylactically as a urinary anti-infective agent against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and for long-term suppression of infections.

Sodium Glucoheptonate is used as a kit for Tc-99m radiolabeling, as well as for metal cleaning, mercerizing, paint stripping and aluminum etching. Among other things, Tc-99m glucoheptonate is a kidney and brain imaging agent that can be used to detect brain tumors.

Pentamidine is an antifungal and antiprotozoal agent, interacting directly with the pathogen genome by binding to AT-rich regions of duplex DNA and the minor groove of DNA, thereby interfering with DNA replication.

EG1, a novel specific inhibitor of Pax2 transcription activation, targets the DNA binding domain and inhibits embryonic kidney development.

APX-115 free base (Ewha-18278 free base) is a potent, orally active pan NADPH oxidase (Nox) inhibitor with inhibition constants (Kis) of 1.08 μM, 0.57 μM, and 0.63 μM for Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4, respectively, and it effectively prevents kidney injury.

GFB-8438 is a potent and subtype selective inhibitor of TRPC5(IC50s of 0.18 and 0.29 μM of hTRPC5 and hTRPC4, respectively).

12-Ketodeoxycholic acid, a bile acid and kidney metabolite, serves as a detectable marker for kidney injury [1].

Pentamidine isethionate (Pentamidine diisethionate) is a synthetic amidine derivative, Pentamidine Isethionate is an antiprotozoal and antifungal agent.

PHPS1 is an inhibitor of Shp2. PHPS1 efficiently inhibits activation of Erk1/2 by the leukemia-associated Shp2 mutant, Shp2-E76K, and blocks the anchorage-independent growth of a variety of human tumor cell lines.

1. Steviol (NSC-226902), a natural sweetener, it inhibits proliferation of the gastrointestinal cancer cells intensively. 2. Steviol can induce a significant increase in CYP3A29 expression. 3. Steviol inhibits the proliferation of the human osteosarcoma U2OS cell line in a dose- and time-dependent manner. 4. Steviol can treat polycystic kidney disease, it slowed cyst growth, in part, by reducing AQP2 transcription, promoted proteasome, and lysosome-mediated AQP2 degradation.

Terevalefim (ANG-3777) is an hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mimetic. Terevalefim selectively activates the c-Met receptor.

Vadadustat is a novel, titratable, oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) inhibitor in development for the treatment of anemia.

Sevelamer carbonate is a non-absorbed phosphate binding crosslinked polymer, with the same polymeric structure as sevelamer hydrochloride, in which carbonate replaces chloride as the counterion.

GSK1016790A (GSK101) (GSK101) is a novel, potent activator of TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 4) with EC50 of 34 nM in choroid plexus epithelial cells.

Cefathiamidine exhibits a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity against bacteria. Cefathiamidine is used for the treatment of respiratory, liver, five senses, urinary tract infections, endocarditis and sepsis

White Kidney Bean Extract (30:1) is a concentrated extract derived from white kidney beans. It is commonly used in the study of excessive obesity.

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Porcine Kidney (ALP, Orthophosphoric-Monoester Phosphohydrolase) is a biological material or organic compound suitable for use in life science research.

Doxorubicin hydrochloride is an anthracycline antibiotic with cytotoxic and antitumor activity. It is an effective inhibitor of human DNA topoisomerase I and II, with IC50 values of 0.8 μM and 2.67 μM, respectively. In addition to inhibiting DNA topoisomerases, it can reduce the phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream target, acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Doxorubicin hydrochloride also induces apoptosis and autophagy. In animal studies, it is commonly used to induce models of acute renal failure, chronic kidney injury, and heart failure.

Cycloheximide (Naramycin A) is a natural product . Cycloheximide‘s IC50 values for protein synthesis and RNA synthesis in vivo are 532.5 nM and 2880 nM, respectively. Cycloheximide inhibits ferroptosis and autophagy and is an antifungal antibiotic.

Cisplatin (CDDP) is a chemotherapeutic agent with antitumor activity and is a classic DNA crosslinker. It inhibits DNA synthesis and induces DNA damage in cancer cells by forming DNA adducts, ultimately leading to cell death. In addition, Cisplatin can activate ferroptosis and induce autophagy. In animal studies, it is commonly used to establish models of chronic kidney injury and acute renal failure.

Orellanine is a nephrotoxic compound extracted from the mushroom Cortinarius orellanus. Orellanine strongly inhibits the synthesis of macromolecules (Proteins, RNA and DNA) in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and in rat liver mitochondria.