kidney

Finerenone (BAY-948862) is a nonsteroidal antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) (IC50=18 nM) with selective and oral activity. Finerenone is used in the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes.

Nitrofurantoin (Furadantine), an antibiotic, inhibits bacterial DNA, RNA, and cell wall protein synthesis. Activated by bacterial flavoproteins to intermediates that inactivate bacterial ribosomal proteins, Nitrofurantoin is used prophylactically as a urinary anti-infective agent against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and for long-term suppression of infections.

Sevelamer carbonate is a non-absorbed phosphate binding crosslinked polymer, with the same polymeric structure as sevelamer hydrochloride, in which carbonate replaces chloride as the counterion.

White Kidney Bean Extract (30:1) is a concentrated extract derived from white kidney beans. It is commonly used in the study of excessive obesity.

Cycloheximide (Naramycin A) is a natural product that reversibly inhibits translation elongation, is an antimitotic compound, and is an inhibitor of DNA and protein synthesis.

Orellanine is a nephrotoxic compound extracted from the mushroom Cortinarius orellanus. Orellanine strongly inhibits the synthesis of macromolecules (Proteins, RNA and DNA) in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and in rat liver mitochondria.

(L)-Sodium lactate (Sodium L-Lactate) is produced from pyruvate by the enzyme Lactate Dehydrogenase. Lactate production occurs during anaerobic glycolysis or in proliferatively active cells. L-Lactic Acid occurs in small quantities in the blood and muscle fluid of man and animals. The lactic acid concentration increases in muscle and blood after vigorous activity. L-Lactic acid is also present in liver, kidney, thymus gland, human amniotic fluid, and other organs and body fluids.

APX-115 (Ewha-18278) (Ewha-18278) is a potent, orally active pan NADPH oxidase (Nox) inhibitor (Kis: 1.08 μM, 0.57 μM, and 0.63 μM for Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4). APX-115 effectively prevents kidney injury.

Pentamidine dihydrochloride (MP-601205 dihydrochloride) is an aromatic diamidine agent effective against various microorganisms, including protozoa (Trypanosoma brucei, Leishmania spp., and Babesia spp.) and fungi (Pneumocystis jirovecii). It is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases and phosphatase of regenerating liver. Pentamidine dihydrochloride inhibits the parasite Leishmania infantum with an IC50 of 2.5 μM.

Cdc7-IN-7c (Cdc7 inhibitor-7c) has antitumor activity and has inhibitory effect on liver cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, brain cancer and cervical cancer.

Bis-T-23 is a promoter of actin-dependent dynamin oligomerization, an HIV-I integrase inhibitor, and a Telstar derivative. Bis-T-23 promotes actin-dependent dynamin oligomerization. Bis-T-23 can be used in studies of HIV and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

6-Acryloyloxyhexyl phosphater (PA21) is a novel phosphate-binding agent, which is an iron-based reagent, and can be used for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease.

Zeniplatin (Zeniplatinum) is a new cisplatin complex with anticancer activity for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and kidney cancer.

BLU2864 is an orally active, highly selective, ATP-competitive PRKACA inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.3 nM, exhibiting anti-tumor activity and potential applications in cancer and polycystic kidney disease research [1] [2].

Avosentan(Ro 67-0565; SPP-301) is a potent endothelin receptor (ETA) antagonist with strong inhibitory effects on endothelin-1-induced contraction and may have protective effects against chronic kidney disease. [2]

Sunitinib (SU 11248) is a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor that inhibits VEGFR2 and PDGFRβ (IC50=80 2 nM). It exhibits antitumor activity and is used for treating kidney cancer and gastrointestinal tumors.

D-Mannitol (Mannitol) is a diuretic and renal diagnostic aid related to sorbitol. It has little significant energy value as it is largely eliminated from the body before any metabolism can take place. It can be used to treat oliguria associated with kidney failure or other manifestations of inadequate renal function and has been used for determination of glomerular filtration rate. D-Mannitol is also commonly used as a research tool in cell biological studies, usually to control osmolarity.

Creatinine (NSC-13123) is the breakdown product of creatine, a constituent of muscle tissue, that is excreted by the kidney and whose serum level is used to evaluate kidney function.

Calcium polystyrene sulfonate (Poly(styrenesulfonic acid) calcium salt) is an ion-exchange resin. Calcium polystyrene sulfonate reduces blood levels of potassium and can be used for research on the treatment of hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Irbesartan (SR-47436) is an Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blocker whose mechanism of action involves antagonizing the Angiotensin 2 Receptor.

Articaine hydrochloride (Hoe-045), a thiophene-containing local anesthetic, is pharmacologically similar to mepivacaine.

Sodium Glucoheptonate is used as a kit for Tc-99m radiolabeling, as well as for metal cleaning, mercerizing, paint stripping and aluminum etching. Among other things, Tc-99m glucoheptonate is a kidney and brain imaging agent that can be used to detect brain tumors.

5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin (HD-003) is an antioxidant potentially for the treatment of renal failure. A creatinine metabolite, 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin , a hydroxyl radical scavenger, has previously been shown to confer renoprotection by inhibiting the progression of chronic kidney disease in rats. 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin is a novel anti-oxidant drug completely suppressed the expression of B2-kinin receptors (B2KR) in response to high glucose (25 mM) stimulation in VSMC and was also shown to attenuate the effects of BK on VSMC remodeling. 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin inhibited the BK-induced increase in MAPK phosphorylation and attenuated the increase in connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) protein levels in VSMC. These findings suggest that 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin may confer vascular protection against high glucose concentrations and BK-stimulation to ameliorate vascular injury and remodeling through its anti-oxidant properties.

Matrine (Vegard), an alkaloid isolated from the Sophora genus, acts as a kappa opioid receptor agonist.