cytochrome p450

Methoxsalen (NCI-C55903) is a Photoactivated Radical Generator and Psoralen. The mechanism of action of methoxsalen is as a Photoabsorption. The physiologic effect of methoxsalen is by means of Photosensitizing Activity.

Tetrahydrocurcumin (HZIV 81-2), a major metabolite of curcumin, has strong antioxidant and cardioprotective properties.

Ginsenoside C-K (Ginsenoside K) is a bacterial metabolite of G-Rb1 exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects by reducing iNOS and COX-2.

Apigenin (NSC 83244) is an aromatic oil extracted from the flowers or leaves of the daisy-like plants. Extracts, oils and teas made from chamomile are used for its soothing qualities as a sedative, mild analgesic and sleep medication. Apigenin has not been implicated in causing serum enzyme elevations or clinically apparent liver injury.

Quinidine is a stereoisomer of the antimalarial agent quinine and a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent. for the treatment of abnormal heart rhythms and also malaria.

Dronedarone (SR 33589) is an amiodarone analogue which has an effective and promising treatment for Atrial fibrillation.

Ginsenoside Rd (Gypenoside VIII) may have properties that inhibit or prevent the growth of tumors.

Rhapontigenin (Protigenin) is a mechanism-based, selective inactivator of cytochrome P450 1A1 (IC50: 400 nM), an aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase which activates polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that act as procarcinogens. Rhapontigenin is a natural analog of resveratrol with antioxidant and anti-cancer activity. At higher concentrations, rhapontigenin inhibits the proliferation of HL-60R and HepG2 cancer cell lines (IC50: 48 μM).

Hypericin (Cyclosan) is a natural anthraquinone compound, an extract of Hypericum perforatum, which inhibits PKC, MAO, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, reverse transcriptase, telomerase, and CYP, etc. Hypericin exhibits antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, and antidepressant activities.

1. Bergamottin (5-Geranoxypsoralen) can significantly reduce blood glucose and increase glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in KK-A^{y< sup>diabetic mice.}

7-Ethoxy-4-Methylcoumarin is considered an inhibitor of enzymes in cells and has been used in studies of enzyme inhibition and has been used to study the effects of various drugs on the human body.

1. Bergaptol (4-Hydroxybergapten) shows very good radical scavenging activity. 2. Bergaptol is a potent inhibitor of debenzylation activity of CYP3A4 enzyme.

Quinidine sulfate dihydrate (Pitayine Sodium) is a potent and selective cytochrome P450db inhibitor

2-Naphthol is a metabolite of naphthalene, catalyzed by cytochrome P450 isoforms (CYP 1A1, CYP 1A2, CYP 2A1, CYP 2E1, and CYP 2F2). 2-Naphthol is cytotoxic.

Phloracetophenone (1-(2,4,6-Trihydroxyphenyl)ethanone) has antiobesity and hypolipidemic effects, may be partly mediated by delaying the intestinal absorption of dietary fat by inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity.

Naringin (Naringoside), a flavanone glycoside, exerts various of pharmacological effects such as blood lipid lowering, antioxidant activity, anticancer activity, and inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Bergapten (5-Methoxypsoralen), a psoralen, inhibits cell replication.

2,6-Dimethylquinoline is a natural product extracted from the roots of Peucedantu praeruptorum. 2,6-Dimethylquinoline is an inhibitor of CYP1A2 and CYP2B6 with an IC50 of 3.3 and 480 µM, respectively.

α-Terpinyl acetate is a natural compound found in several essential oils, is a flavouring agent.

Gentiopicroside (Gentiopicrin), a naturally occurring iridoid glycoside, extracted from Gentiana manshurica Kitag, inhibits P450 activity, with an IC50 and a Ki of 61 μM and 22.8 μM for CYP2A6; has antianti-inflammatoryand antioxidative effects.

Isonicotinic acid, a metabolite of isoniazid and a useful isomer of nicotinic acid, is formed from isoniazid by hydrazinolysis and can be catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes, such as CYP2C.

7-Ethoxycoumarin, a typical human P450 substrate, is catalyzed by both wild-type and mutant forms of CYP102A1.

Galangin (Norizalpinin) is an agonist antagonist of the arylhydrocarbon receptor, and also shows inhibition of CYP1A1 activity.

Cedrol is a cedrane sesquiterpenoid and a tertiary alcohol,Cedrol inhibits the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 (Kis = 0.9 and 3.4 μM, respectively)