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1. Pseudoprotodioscin has moderate cytotoxicity.

CGP60474 is an inhibitor of VEGFR-2 (IC50 = 84 nM) and an inhibitor of ATP-competitive PKC. CGP60474 is also a highly potent anti-endotoxemic agent and inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) potently.

B355252 protects against cell death caused by glutamate-evoked oxidative stress. B355252 shows neuroprotective effect, potentiating nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth.

Insulin level regulators can be used to treat diabetes.

GW6471 is an antagonist of PPARα with IC50 of 0.24 μ M. GW6471 enhances the binding affinity of the PPAR α ligand-binding domain to the co-repressor proteins SMRT and NCoR.

BC 11-38 is a potent, selective PDE biodepressant which is mainly effective against PDE11 (IC50 : 0.28 μM).

Citric Acid Monohydrate is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative.

Citric acid (Citro) is a weak organic tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is a food additive and a natural preservative.

YM-750 is a potent inhibitor of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), with an IC50 value of 0.18 μM. ACAT is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of cholesterol and long-chain fatty-acyl-coenzyme A into cholesteryl esters.

Taprenepag (CP-544326) (CP-544326) is a potent and selective prostaglandin E2 receptor agonist (EC50 = 2.8 nM). Taprenepag has been used in trials studying the treatment of Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma, Open-Angle.

Ibiglustat (GZ402671) is a potent and selective Glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor and ceramide glucosyltransferase inhibitor. Ibiglustat blocks the formation of glucosylceramide (GL-1), a key intermediate in the synthesis of GL-3. Ibiglustat is potentially useful for treating Fabry disease. Fabry disease is a rare lysosomal storage disorder, which results in abnormal tissue deposits of a particular fatty substance called globotriaosylceramide (GL-3 or Gb3) throughout the body.

Sultopride hydrochloride (LIN-1418 hydrochloride) is a selective antagonist for dopamine D2 and D3 receptors.

Fluphenazine decanoate is dopamine D2 receptor blocke,and is a long-acting phenothiazine neuroleptic that used to treat schizophrenia.

TC-G 1005 is a potent and selective GPBA agonist (EC50 :0.72 nM; hTGR5). Selective for TGR5 over FXR (farnesoid X receptor). Increases plasma GLP-1 levels and reduces blood glucose in mice. Orally available.

Deoxyandrographolide (14-deoxyandrographolide) potentiates NGF-induced neurite outgrowth. Deoxyandrographolide suppresses the production of proinflammatory mediators TNF-α and IL-6.

IBMX (Methylisobutylxanthine) is a broad-spectrum phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor with inhibitory activity against PDE3, PDE4, and PDE5 (IC50=6.5/26.3/31.7 μM). IBMX enhances the intracellular cAMP level.

Ionomycin is a calcium ion carrier and an antibiotic that binds to calcium ions (Ca2+). The main function of Ionomycin is to induce cellular responses by increasing the intracellular calcium ion concentration. In experiments, Ionomycin is typically used to activate calcium-dependent processes, such as apoptosis and enzyme activity.

ACHN-975 TFA is a selective inhibitor of the bacterial enzyme LpxC with nM-level activity. It exhibits antimicrobial activity with MIC values below 1 μg/mL against multiple Gram-negative bacteria.

ATX inhibitor 5 is a potent and orally active autotaxin (ATX) inhibitor (IC50: 15.3 nM) that reduces CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis and exhibits anti-hepatic fibrosis effects.

DW14800 is an inhibitor of PRMT5 (IC50 = 17 nM), enhances the transcription of HNF4α, and reduces the level of H4R3me2s.

Kv3 modulator 1 is an imidazolidinedione-type orthosteric modulator of Kv3 voltage-gated potassium channels. Kv3 modulator 1 reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in rat models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain, with rapid onset and sustained, dose-dependent effects. Kv3 modulator 1 can be used to study the mechanisms underlying inflammatory pain and neurological disorders such as epilepsy and schizophrenia.

M3258 is an immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 (β5i) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 3.6 nM for LMP7 and 3.4 nM at the cellular level. In a multiple myeloma xenograft model, M3258 exhibits significant antitumor activity. In multiple myeloma cells, M3258 significantly and persistently inhibits LMP7 activity and ubiquitinated protein turnover in tumor tissues, further inducing apoptosis.

0990CL is an effective heterotrimer Gαi subunit specific inhibitor, which can interact with purified Go± in GDP-bound state, and can block α2AR mediated cAMP regulation. In the cell model, low concentration of 0990CL could partially restore cAMP level, and high concentration of 0990CL (10μM) began to have negative effects on cell viability.

PD 198306 is a selective inhibitor of MAPK/ERK-kinase (MEK) with antihyperalgesic effects. PD 198306 reduces the Streptozocin-induced increase in the level of active ERK1.