neurons

MPP+ iodide, the metabolite of a neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ induces dopamine transporter (DAT) externalization in dopaminergic (DA) neurons, but internalization of serotonin transporter (SERT) in serotonergic (5-HT) neurons. MPP+ induces autophagic cell death in SH-SY5Y cells.

Bilobalide ((-)-Bilobalide), a bioactive from Gingko Biloba, is active on hypoxia-induced alterations.

VPC171 is a novel adenosine A1 receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM).

CZC-25146 (CHEMBL2397014) is an effective, specific and metabolically stable LRRK2 inhibitor with IC50 of 4.76/6.87 nM for wild-type LRRK2(Leucine-rich repeat kinase-2) and G2019S LRRK2, respectively.

KY-226 is a potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B)(IC50: 0.25 μM,)

NS8593 hydrochloride (NS8593 HCl) is a potent and selective inhibitor of small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SK channels) .

Pifithrin-α, p-Nitro, Cyclic (PFN-α) is a cell-permeable, active-form inhibitor of p53.

Arimoclomol (BRX-220 free base), a co-inducer of heat shock proteins (HSP), is utilized in studies on the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Arimoclomol maleate (BRX-220) (BRX-220) is a heat shock protein (HSP) co-inducer.

PD184161 is a novel, orally-active MEK inhibitor. PD184161 inhibited MEK activity (IC50 = 10-100 nM) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner[1].

PF-04859989 HCl is a brain-penetrable irreversible inhibitor of kynurenine amino transferase II (KAT II), the enzyme responsible for most of the brain synthesis of kynurenic acid. PF-04859989 HCl has been implicated in several psychiatric and neurological

BiP inducer X (BIX) is a selective inducer of immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BiP)/GRP78 and an ER chaperone inducer. BiP inducer X prevents cell death in neurons and retinal cell lines.

PHCCC ((-) PHCCC) is a Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist and a positive allosteric modulator of mGluR4. It also is a potent to antagonism for mGluR2 and mGluR8.

(RS)-MCPG ((±)-MCPG) is a non-selective group I/II metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist.

5-Ethynyluridine is a clickable form of uridine.1It is incorporated into cellular RNA, but not DNA, and has been used to detect transcriptionin vitroandin vivo. 1.Jao, C.Y., and Salic, A.Exploring RNA transcription and turnover in vivo by using click chemistryProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA105(41)15779-15784(2008)

CZC-25146 is a selective LRRK2 inhibitor with IC50 of 4.76 nM/6.87 nM for wild type LRRK2 and G2019S LRRK2, respectively.

JZL 184 is a potent and selective inhibitor of MAGL with IC50 of 8 nM and 4 μM for inhibition of MAGL and FAAH in mouse brain membranes respectively.

SB-200646 is a selective and potent antagonist of 5-HT2B/5-HT2C receptor

ML417 is a selective and brain-penetrant agonist of D3 dopamine (EC50: 38 nM).

ML382 is a potent and selective MrgX1 positive allosteric modulator (EC50 : 190 nM).

Nociceptin (1-13), amide is a potent ORL1 (OP4) receptor agonist, exhibiting a pEC50 of 7.9 in mouse vas deferens and a Ki of 0.75 nM for rat forebrain membrane binding.

Picaridin (Lcaridin) is a topical insect repellent.

WS-12 is a potent TRPM8 agonist that acts as a cooling agent (EC50 : 193 nM)

DSP-4 hydrochloride (Neurotoxin DSP 4 (hydrochloride)) (Neurotoxin DSP 4 hydrochloride) can be used for the temporary selective degradation of the central and peripheral noradrenergic neurons, mainly those from the locus coeruleus (LC). is a highly selective neurotoxin and readily passes the blood-brain barrier with neurotoxic effects on noradrenergic neurons of adult and developing rats,