neurons

MPP+ iodide, the metabolite of a neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ induces dopamine transporter (DAT) externalization in dopaminergic (DA) neurons, but internalization of serotonin transporter (SERT) in serotonergic (5-HT) neurons. MPP+ induces autophagic cell death in SH-SY5Y cells.

VPC171 is a novel adenosine A1 receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM).

KY-226 is a potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B)(IC50: 0.25 μM,)

NS8593 hydrochloride (NS8593 HCl) is a potent and selective inhibitor of small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SK channels) .

Pifithrin-α, p-Nitro, Cyclic (PFN-α) is a cell-permeable, active-form inhibitor of p53.

Arimoclomol (BRX-220 free base), a co-inducer of heat shock proteins (HSP), is utilized in studies on the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Arimoclomol maleate (BRX-220) (BRX-220) is a heat shock protein (HSP) co-inducer.

PD184161 is a novel, orally-active MEK inhibitor. PD184161 inhibited MEK activity (IC50 = 10-100 nM) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner[1].

PF-04859989 HCl is a brain-penetrable irreversible inhibitor of kynurenine amino transferase II (KAT II), the enzyme responsible for most of the brain synthesis of kynurenic acid. PF-04859989 HCl has been implicated in several psychiatric and neurological

BiP inducer X (BIX) is a selective inducer of immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BiP)/GRP78 and an ER chaperone inducer. BiP inducer X prevents cell death in neurons and retinal cell lines.

PHCCC ((-) PHCCC) is a Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist and a positive allosteric modulator of mGluR4. It also is a potent to antagonism for mGluR2 and mGluR8.

(RS)-MCPG ((±)-MCPG) is a non-selective group I/II metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist.

5-Ethynyluridine is a clickable form of uridine.1It is incorporated into cellular RNA, but not DNA, and has been used to detect transcriptionin vitroandin vivo. 1.Jao, C.Y., and Salic, A.Exploring RNA transcription and turnover in vivo by using click chemistryProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA105(41)15779-15784(2008)

CZC-25146 is a selective LRRK2 inhibitor with IC50 of 4.76 nM/6.87 nM for wild type LRRK2 and G2019S LRRK2, respectively.

JZL 184 is a potent and selective inhibitor of MAGL with IC50 of 8 nM and 4 μM for inhibition of MAGL and FAAH in mouse brain membranes respectively.

ML417 is a selective and brain-penetrant agonist of D3 dopamine (EC50: 38 nM).

ML382 is a potent and selective MrgX1 positive allosteric modulator (EC50 : 190 nM).

Nociceptin (1-13), amide is a potent ORL1 (OP4) receptor agonist, exhibiting a pEC50 of 7.9 in mouse vas deferens and a Ki of 0.75 nM for rat forebrain membrane binding.

Picaridin (Lcaridin) is a topical insect repellent.

Veratridine is a benzoate-cevane found in Veratrum and Schoenocaulon. It activates sodium channels to stay open longer than normal.

Azoramide, a small-molecule modulator, has the antidiabetic activity of unfolded protein response.

LY404039 (pomaglumetad) is an effective agonist of recombinant human mGlu2(Ki =149 nM)/mGlu3(Ki =92 nM).

Apelin-13 is a 13-amino acid peptide sequence found in the central and peripheral nervous system that is an endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor angiotensin II protein J (APJ), with an EC50 value of 0.37 nM for APJ.Apelin-13 has vasodilatory and antihypertensive activity and can be used to study type 2 diabetic syndrome. Apelin-13 has vasodilatory and antihypertensive activities and can be used to study type 2 diabetes syndrome.

HBT1 is an AMPA receptor potentiator that induces production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and exhibits little agonistic effect in primary neurons. HBT1 binds to ligand-binding domain of AMPA-R in glutamate dependent manner.