influenza virus

CEF8, Influenza Virus NP (383-391), is an influenza A virus nucleoprotein containing residues 383 to 391, and it is the most important HLA-B*2705-restricted epitope in the nucleoprotein of influenza A viruses, associated with escape from cytotoxic T lymphocytes-mediated immunity. [HLA-B*3501 restricted influenza virus nucleoprotein epitope (383-391).]

Influenza virus-IN-9 (12) is an inhibitor of influenza virus endonuclease, exhibiting an IC₅₀ value of 0.03 μM.

Influenza virus-IN-10 is a dual-target anti-influenza compound that simultaneously targets PAC (KD = 8.9 μM) and NP (KD = 52.5 μM). Its EC₅₀ value against the influenza A virus (H1N1, A/WSN/33) is 1.64 μM, and it exhibits broad-spectrum activity against other influenza strains, including influenza B virus and various influenza A subtypes.

Influenza virus-IN-1 (compound 14) is a potent inhibitor of influenza A virus, demonstrating anti-influenza A virus activities with a CC₅₀ of >200 μM and an EC₅₀ of 2.46 μM. It exhibits concentration-dependent inhibition activity for PAN endonuclease with an EC₅₀ of 312.36 nM ^[1].

Influenza virus-IN-2 (compound 19) is a potent inhibitor of influenza A virus with anti-influenza activities, exhibiting a CC₅₀ of 150.85 μM and an EC₅₀ of 2.58 μM. Concentration-dependently, Influenza virus-IN-2 inhibits the PAN endonuclease with an EC₅₀ of 489.39 nM ^[1].

Influenza virus-IN-4 (compound 11e) is a potent inhibitor of influenza virus neuraminidase, effective against H5N1 (IC₅₀: 3.4 μM), H5N2 (IC₅₀: 0.094 μM), H5N6 (IC₅₀: 0.79 μM), and H5N8 (IC₅₀: 0.077 μM). It inhibits NA (neuraminidase) and exhibits low cytotoxicity (CC₅₀ > 200 μM), and is not significantly toxic to mice at 1500 mg/kg.

Influenza virus-IN-5 (Compound 5f) is an inhibitor of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) with an EC₅₀ of 1 nM against the A/H3N2 virus.

Influenza virus-IN-3 (compound 9) is a potent inhibitor of selective influenza viruses, with IC₅₀ values of 0.88 μM for H5N1, 0.10 μM for H5N2, 5.5 μM for H5N6, and 0.51 μM for H5N8. Influenza virus-IN-3 exhibits antiviral and NA (neuraminidase) inhibitory effects with low cytotoxicity (CC₅₀ > 200 μM).

Influenza virus-IN-6 (Compound 35) is a potent inhibitor of the N-terminal domain of the polymerase acidic protein (PA N) endonuclease subunit of the influenza virus, with an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC₅₀) value of 0.20 μM ^[1].

Influenza virus-IN-7 (Example 16) is an orally active cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor used in influenza viral infectious disease research ^[1].

HLA-B*08 restricted influenza virus nucleoprotein epitope.

Influenza A virus-IN-1, a dihydropyrrolidones derivative, is a highly effective inhibitor of various subtypes of influenza A virus (IAV) with IC₅₀ values ranging from 3.11 μM to 7.13 μM. It effectively suppresses IAV replication and enhances the expression of key antiviral cytokines, such as IFN-β, and the antiviral protein MxA.

Influenza A virus-IN-15 (Compound 9b), a quinoline derivative, is a broad-spectrum anti-influenza inhibitor with an IC₅₀ range of 0.88-6.33 μM and demonstrates acceptable cytotoxicity. It inhibits the transcription and replication of viral RNA, making it suitable for research on Influenza A virus (IAV).

Influenza A virus-IN-16 (compound 10) is an effective antiviral agent. It inhibits H7N1 pseudovirus with an EC₅₀ of 0.09 μM.

Influenza A virus-IN-17 (Compound 6a) is a potent inhibitor of the influenza A virus, exhibiting EC₉₀ values of 3.5 μM and 2.6 μM against H3N2 and H1N1 strains, respectively. It also inhibits U2-PB2 chimeric mRNA with an EC₉₀ for cap-snatching polymerase of 2.1 μM.

Influenza A virus-IN-18 (Compound C2e) is an orally active inhibitor targeting the Influenza A virus, displaying an IC₅₀ of 2.5 μM against PR8/H1N1 and 6.42 μM against H3N2. This compound demonstrates high-affinity binding directly to the H1N1/PR8 HA protein with a KD of 0.25 μM. Influenza A virus-IN-18 is applicable for research on Influenza A virus infections.

Influenza A virus-IN-4 (compound 23b), a derivative of Oseltamivir, is a highly effective neuraminidase inhibitor that exerts potent inhibitory effects on influenza viruses ^[1].

Influenza A virus-IN-8 (S5), a macrocyclic peptide, exhibits no cytotoxicity and acts as a potent inhibitor of Influenza A Virus (IAV), demonstrating significant protease stability, with IC₅₀ values of 6.7 nM for H1 and 6.6 nM for H5 variants. It has a high affinity for H1 variants, binding to a conserved region in the HA stem with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.0 nM ^[1].

Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an N-acetyl derivative of cysteine, a ROS inhibitor and mucolytic agent. Acetylcysteine induces apoptosis, can be used to reduce mucus thickness, and has anti-influenza viral activity.

Tunicamycin is a mixture of antibiotics that inhibit N-linked glycosylation by blocking GlcNAc phosphotransferase (GPT). Tunicamycin has antitumor activity, as well as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral activity.

Aprotinin (Traskolan) is a broad-spectrum serine protease (BPTI) inhibitor that inhibits the activity of a number of different esterases and proteases. Aprotinin is an antifibrinolytic agent used to minimize hemorrhage during complex surgical procedures.

Pentagalloylglucose (Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose) is a natural product functioning as an apoptosis and autophagy inducer. Possessing oral bioavailability, this compound exhibits diverse pharmacological effects including antiviral and antitumor activities through modulation of the GSK3β/β-catenin and p53 signaling pathways.

Baloxavir marboxil (S-033188) is a novel cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor designed for the treatment of influenza A and B virus infections.

Vadimezan (DMXAA) is a vascular disrupting agent, a murine STING agonist, and an inducer of cytokines such as type I IFN. Vadimezan has antitumor activity and induces a rapid cessation of blood flow in tumors without affecting blood flow in normal tissues.