ifn-α

SM-276001 is a potent, selective agonist of TLR7 and an orally active interferon (IFN) inducer.

Bufexamac (Bufexamic acid) is a COX inhibitor for IFN-α release with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic action.

Sifalimumab (MEDI-545) is a monoclonal antibody that targets IFNα and suppresses abnormal immune activity by binding to interferon-alpha.Sifalimumab is used for the treatment of moderate to severe SLE.

IFN-α Receptor Recognition Peptide 1, associated with receptor interactions, is a peptide of IFN-α.

4-Methoxycinnamaldehyde (p-Methoxycinnamaldehyde) is an active ingredient of Agastache rugosa.4-Methoxycinnamaldehyde has cytoprotective activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in human laryngeal carcinoma cell lines, and helps to control disease induced by RSV infection, with an IC50 of approximately 0.055 μg/mL. The IC50 was about 0.055 μg/mL.

2',3'-cGAMP sodium (2'-3'-cyclic GMP-AMP sodium) is a second messenger in cellular innate immunity, catalyzed by cGAMP synthase (cGAS) under DNA binding conditions. It binds to STING to form a dimer, inducing the production and expression of interferon-β and other cytokines.

Deucravacitinib (BMS-986165) is a highly selective, orally bioavailable, allosteric TYK2 inhibitor for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. It blocks receptor-mediated Tyk2 activation by stabilizing the regulatory JH2 domain, inhibiting IL-12/23 and type I IFN pathways. It selectively binds to the TYK2 pseudokinase (JH2) domain with an IC50 of 1.0 nM.

IFN alpha-IFNAR-IN-1 hydrochloride is an inhibitor of the interaction between IFN-α and IFNAR, effectively inhibiting MVA-induced IFN-α responses by BM-pDCs with an IC50 of 2-8 μM.

(E)-Ferulic acid methyl ester (Methyl (E)-ferulate) is a potential inhibitor of the mitogen-activated phosphor kinase pathway and an anti-inflammatory agent first isolated from the medicinal plant S. tuberosa. Additionally, it shows promising anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus.

Resiquimod (R848) is an agonist of Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7/TLR8) that induces the upregulation of cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-α. It possesses immunomodulatory, antitumor, and antiviral activities, and can be used to induce models of myocarditis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

CCCP (Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenylhydrazone) is an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor and mitochondrial proton carrier uncoupler. CCCP inhibits the activation of STING and its downstream signaling molecules TBK1 and IRF3.

Indole-4-carboxaldehyde is a natural product.

MG-T-19, a TIM-3 inhibitor (KD=0.26 μM), significantly inhibited the interaction of TIM-3 with PtdSer, CEACAM1, and Gal-9, and increased the production of TNF-α and IFN-γ in PBMCs, which reactivated the tumor-attacking ability of T cells.

ADU-S100 (MIW815) is a cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) class STING agonist that significantly induces the production of IFN-β and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1, induces TBK1 and IRF3 phosphorylation, and exhibits antitumour activity.

GSK2245035 is a highly selective intranasal TLR7 agonist with preferential Type-1 interferon (IFN)-stimulating properties (pEC50s: 9.3 and 6.5 for IFNα and TFNα). It effectively suppresses allergen-induced Th2 cytokine production in human peripheral blood

IFN alpha-IFNAR-IN-1 is a nonpeptidic, low-molecular-weight inhibitor that disrupts the interaction between IFN-α and IFNAR, inhibiting MVA-induced IFN-α responses by BM-pDCs (IC50: 2-8 μM).

T6167923 is a potent, selective inhibitor of MyD88-dependent signaling pathways. It achieves this by directly binding to the Toll/IL1 receptor (TIR) domain of MyD88, preventing MyD88 homodimer formation. Subsequently, T6167923 impedes NF-κB driven Staphylococcus enterotoxin AP (SEAP) activity and boasts improved anti-inflammatory effects, with IC50s values of 2.7 μM for IFN-γ, 2.9 μM for IL-1β, and 2.66 μM each for IL-6 and TNF-α, demonstrating its efficacy across multiple inflammatory mediators [1].

Tyk2-IN-5 is a selective and orally active inhibitor of Tyk2 JH2 (Ki: 0.086 nM for Tyk2 JH2; IC50: 25 nM for IFNα).

GW9508(GW 9508) is a potent and selective agonist for FFA1 (GPR40), stimulates insulin secretion in a glucose-sensitive manner.

6,6′-Trehalose dioleate (6,6′-TDO) is a glycolipid extensively used for in vivo and in vitro mRNA delivery. This compound effectively encapsulates mRNA encoding hemagglutinin A (HA) from influenza A virus for use within lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), enhancing the secretion of Ifn-γ, Il-2, and Tnf-α from isolated murine spleen cells. When administered via intramuscular injection in mice, LNPs containing 6,6′-TDO predominantly accumulate in the liver and spleen. Unlike LNP formulations without 6,6′-TDO, those containing 6,6′-TDO do not reduce serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) or elevate levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), troponin I, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), or aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Additionally, these LNPs enhance the serum titers of IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies in mice.

IFNα-IN-1 (AJ2-18) is an inhibitor of IFNα, capable of suppressing the production of IFN-α. It is applicable in inflammation research.

TLR7 agonist 29 (Compound 1) is an activator of TLR7, displaying an EC50 of 5.2 nM for human TLR7 and 48.2 nM for mouse TLR7. It can activate bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and stimulate myeloid cells within the tumor microenvironment, enhancing the expression of PD-L1, CD86, and IFN-α. Additionally, TLR7 agonist 29 can serve as a payload for synthesizing ADCs.

Paeoniflorin-6′-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25) acts as an inhibitor of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), preventing its translocation to the cell membrane and inhibiting the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. It suppresses HaCaT cell proliferation induced by IL-17A/CXCL2. In mouse models, CP-25 reduces the levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IL-17A, IL-17F, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-22, IL-23, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL9, thereby alleviating psoriasis induced by Imiquimod.

5-LOX-IN-8 is a 5-LOX inhibitor with anti-inflammatory properties. It suppresses IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in macrophages and reduces IL-8 secretion in SW480 cells. Additionally, 5-LOX-IN-8 decreases the disease activity index in DSS colitis models. This compound is applicable for research in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).