pkcγ

Staurosporine (AM-2282) is a protein kinase inhibitor with ATP-competitive and non-selective inhibitory activity (IC50=6/15/2/3/3000 nM) against PKC, PKA, c-Fgr, phosphorylase kinase and TAOK2. Staurosporine also induces apoptosis.

Rottlerin (NSC-56346) is a natural product purified from Mallotus Philippinensis and is a specific PKC inhibitor (IC50: PKCδ of 3-6 μM, PKCα,β,γ of 30-42 μM, PKCε,η,ζ of 80-100 μM). Rottlerin causes apoptosis via caspase 3 activation.

Forskolin (Coleonol) is a natural product, an adenylate cyclase activator (EC50=0.5 μM). Forskolin increases cAMP levels, activates PXR and FXR, and induces autophagy. Forskolin produces positive inotropic effects in the heart, and has platelet anticoagulant and antihypertensive effects.

Ionomycin is a calcium ion carrier and an antibiotic that binds to calcium ions (Ca2+). The main function of Ionomycin is to induce cellular responses by increasing the intracellular calcium ion concentration. In experiments, Ionomycin is typically used to activate calcium-dependent processes, such as apoptosis and enzyme activity.

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) is a natural phorbol ester that acts as an activator of PKC, SphK, and NF-κB, and is commonly used to induce differentiation of THP-1 cells and establish dermatitis models.

Ionomycin calcium (SQ23377 calcium) is an effective and selective calcium ionophore, demonstrating high specificity for divalent cations (Ca>Mg>Sr=Ba).

spisulosine is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T9664 and the CAS number is 196497-48-0.

Methyl Hesperidin, a flavanone glycoside (flavonoid) (C28H34O15), is abundant in citrus fruits. Its aglycone form is called hesperetin.

Ellagic acid (Gallogen), a thickened tetracyclic natural product, is a potent CK2 inhibitor (IC50=40 nM; Ki=20 nM) with ATP-competitive properties. Ellagic acid is an antioxidant and also possesses antiproliferative activity.

Piceatannol (Astringenin) is an anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antiproliferative agent. It inhibits p56lck and syk protein tyrosine kinases and inhibits NF-κB activation and gene expression of TNF-induced. It is synthetic from the conversion of resveratrol by cytochrome P450 1B1.

α-Vitamin E (Dexrabeprazole Sodium) is a naturally-occurring form of vitamin E, a fat-soluble vitamin with potent antioxidant properties.

Myricitrin (Myricitrine), a flavonoid compound isolated from the root bark of Myrica cerifera, exerts antinociceptive effects.

Daphnetin (7,8-Dihydroxycoumarin), a natural coumarin derivative, is a protein kinase inhibitor with inhibitory for EGFR (IC50: 7.67 μM), PKA (IC50: 9.33 μM), and PKC (IC50: 25.01 μM), also exhibit anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid (12-Deoxycholyltaurine) is one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid.

Cholesteryl sulfate sodium (Sodium Cholesteryl Sulfate) is a sterol sulfate in human plasma. Cholesteryl sulfate sodium is a component of cell membrane and has a regulatory function. Cholesteryl sulfate sodium also activates multiple protein kinase C (PKC) iso-enzymes, especially the ε, η and ζ isoforms.

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid sodium (Sodium taurochenodeoxycholate) is one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid sodium induces apoptosis and shows obvious anti-inflammatory and immune regulation properties. It can increase glucose-induced insulin secretion and stimulate the electrical activity of α2-cells and enhance cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)).

Ingenol mebutate (Ingenol 3-Angelate) is a potent activator of PKC subtypes including PKC-α, PKC-β, PKC-γ, PKC-δ, and PKC-ε with Kis of 0.3, 0.105, 0.162, 0.376, and 0.171 nM. Ingenol mebutate exhibits antiinflammatory and antitumor activity.

Cercosporamide is a ATP-competitive Pkc1 kinase inhibitor (IC50 <50 nM; Ki <7 nM). It also is a unique Mnk inhibitor.

Cercosporin, produced by the plant pathogen Cercospora kikuchii and the elsinochromes, is a potent photosensitizer with a short activation wavelength. Cercosporin contains perylene quinone structural features essential for PKC activity (IC50: 0.6-1.3 μM).

Palmitoylcarnitine chloride (Palmitoyl DL-carnitine chloride) is a mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation intermediate that mediates intralipid cardioprotection.Palmitoylcarnitine chloride eliminates colorectal cancer cell survival by depletion of glutathione. induces cancer cell death and regulates the interaction between protein kinase C βII and its receptor RACK1.

Bryostatin 1 is a natural macrolide isolated from the bryozoan Bugula neritina and is a CNS-permeable PKC modulator. Bryostatin 1 binds to the isolated C1 domain of Munc13-1 and the full-length Munc13-1 protein [Kis: 8.07 nM and 0.45 nM].

K-252a is a protein kinase inhibitor targeting serine-threonine, tyrosine, and CAM kinases. In vitro, it blocks NGF-induced TrkA signalling and neural differentiation, exhibiting antitumour, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities.

K-252b, an indolocarbazole derived from the actinomycete Nocardiopsis, functions as a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. It is effective in inhibiting extracellular kinases in cultured cells due to its inability to freely cross the cell membrane.

K-252c is a staurosporine analog isolated from Nocardiopsis sp. and is a cell-permeable PKC inhibitor (IC50: 2.45 μM). K-252c also inhibits β-lactamase, chymotrypsin, and malate dehydrogenase. K-252c causes apoptosis in human chronic myelogenous leukemia cancer cells.