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Natural Products Natural ProductsAntimicrobial/Antibacterial Natural Product
Antimicrobial/Antibacterial Natural Products refer to active chemical substances or natural products derived from nature (such as plants, fungi, and microbial metabolites) that inhibit or kill bacteria and other microorganisms. Throughout human history, various cultures have long utilized natural antimicrobial plants and fermented products for infection prevention and treatment. Compared to synthetic antibiotics, natural antibiotics often exhibit greater structural diversity and unique molecular frameworks. They hold potential advantages in biocompatibility, cellular uptake capacity, and target-binding specificity, providing crucial molecular sources for the development of novel antimicrobial drugs.
Bafilomycin A1
Cited
Baf A1
T674088899-55-2
Bafilomycin A1 belongs to the macrolide class of antibiotics and is a V-ATPase inhibitor (IC50=0.44 nM) that is specific and reversible. Bafilomycin A1 is an inhibitor of the late phase of autophagy, blocking the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Bafilomycin A1 also induces apoptosis.
- $195
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CitedCycloheximide Cited
Naramycin A, CHX, Actidione
T122566-81-9
Cycloheximide (Naramycin A) is a natural product . Cycloheximide‘s IC50 values for protein synthesis and RNA synthesis in vivo are 532.5 nM and 2880 nM, respectively. Cycloheximide inhibits ferroptosis and autophagy and is an antifungal antibiotic.
- $71
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CitedRapamycin Cited
Sirolimus, NSC-2260804, AY 22989
T153753123-88-9
Rapamycin (AY 22989) is a natural product of macrolides, an mTOR inhibitor with specificity (HEK293 cells: IC50=0.1 nM). Rapamycin has immunosuppressive activity and induces autophagy.
- $30
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CitedG-418 disulfate Cited
Geneticin sulfate, Geneticin, G418 Sulfate, Antibiotic G-418 sulfate
T6512108321-42-2
G-418 disulfate (Geneticin sulfate) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that selectively inhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis by blocking peptide chain elongation.
- $30
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CitedDoxorubicin hydrochloride Cited
NSC 123127, Hydroxydaunorubicin hydrochloride, DOX hydrochloride, Adriamycin HCl
T102025316-40-9
Doxorubicin hydrochloride is an anthracycline antibiotic with cytotoxic and antitumor activity. It is an effective inhibitor of human DNA topoisomerase I and II, with IC50 values of 0.8 μM and 2.67 μM, respectively. In addition to inhibiting DNA topoisomerases, it can reduce the phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream target, acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Doxorubicin hydrochloride also induces apoptosis and autophagy. In animal studies, it is commonly used to induce models of acute renal failure, chronic kidney injury, and heart failure.
- $34
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CitedNigericin sodium salt Cited
T309228643-80-3
Nigericin sodium salt is an antibiotic, an NLRP3 activator, and a cationic ion carrier. Nigericin sodium triggers the activation of the NALP3 inflammasome, which inhibits Golgi function and suppresses the growth of Gram-positive bacteria.
- $32
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CitedPuromycin dihydrochloride Cited
Puromycin 2HCl, CL13900 dihydrochloride
T221958-58-2
Puromycin dihydrochloride (CL13900 dihydrochloride) is a cinnamamide adenosine antibiotic and an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Puromycin dihydrochloride inhibits protein synthesis by binding to RNA and has antitumor and antitrypanosomal activity.
- $30
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CitedStreptozotocin Cited
U 9889, STZ, Streptozocin, NSC-85998
T150718883-66-4
Streptozotocin (Streptozocin, NSC-85998) is an antibiotic that enters pancreatic β-cells via the glucose transporter (GLUT2) and induces DNA methylation, leading to β-cell apoptosis. It is toxic to insulin-producing cells and commonly used to establish diabetic animal models. This product is unstable in solution and is recommended to be prepared freshly before use.
- $30
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CitedTunicamycin Cited
T1322911089-65-9
Tunicamycin is a mixture of antibiotics that inhibit N-linked glycosylation by blocking GlcNAc phosphotransferase (GPT). Tunicamycin has antitumor activity, as well as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral activity.
- $65
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CitedStaurosporine Cited
CGP 41251, Antibiotic AM-2282, AM-2282
T668062996-74-1
Staurosporine (AM-2282) is a protein kinase inhibitor with ATP-competitive and non-selective inhibitory activity (IC50=6/15/2/3/3000 nM) against PKC, PKA, c-Fgr, phosphorylase kinase and TAOK2. Staurosporine also induces apoptosis.
- $56
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CitedChloroquine Cited
CQ
T868954-05-7
Chloroquine is a Toll-like receptor inhibitor that inhibits autophagy. Chloroquine has anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory activity and is widely used in the treatment of malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine also has anti-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) activity and anti-HIV-1 activity.
- $30
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CitedIonomycin Cited
T728556092-81-0
Ionomycin is a calcium ion carrier and an antibiotic that binds to calcium ions (Ca2+). The main function of Ionomycin is to induce cellular responses by increasing the intracellular calcium ion concentration. In experiments, Ionomycin is typically used to activate calcium-dependent processes, such as apoptosis and enzyme activity.
- $196
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CitedBlasticidin S HCl
T649113513-03-9
Blasticidin S HCl is a natural product and an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Blasticidin S HCl is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that can inhibit the cell growth of prokaryotes, fungi, plants and mammalian cells.
- $30
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Hygromycin B Cited
Hygrovetine
T102231282-04-9
Hygromycin B (Hygrovetine) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells by interfering with translocation and causing mistranslation by the 70S ribosome. It is commonly used for the selection of cells transfected with the hph or hyg resistance gene.
- $35
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CitedL-Lactic acid
L-(+)-Lactic acid, 2-HYDROXYPROPIONIC ACID, (S)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
T484579-33-4
L-Lactic acid ((S)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid) is a natural product produced by the anaerobic glycolysis of pyruvic acid. L-Lactic acid is a sensitive indicator of tissue hypoxia and can be used as a hemodynamic indicator in critically ill patients.
- $41
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Vancomycin Cited
T86411404-90-6
Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that exerts its antibacterial activity by inhibiting the second stage of cell wall synthesis in susceptible bacteria. It also alters cell membrane permeability and selectively inhibits RNA synthesis. Vancomycin is commonly used to treat severe infections resistant to other antibiotics and is frequently employed in experimental studies to induce kidney injury models.
- $30
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CitedBrefeldin A Cited
Decumbin, Cyanein, BFA, Ascotoxin
T606220350-15-6
Brefeldin A (Cyanein) belongs to the class of macrolide antibiotics and is an ATPase inhibitor (IC50=0.2 μM). Brefeldin A can induce tumor cell differentiation and apoptosis, and also possesses autophagy inhibitory activity.
- $34
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CitedLeptomycin B
LMB, CI 940
T1573587081-35-4
Leptomycin B (LMB) is a potent inhibitor of the nuclear export of proteins and is a potent antifungal antibiotic blocking the eukaryotic cell cycle. Leptomycin B inactivates CRM1/exportin 1 by covalent modification at a cysteine residue.
- $213
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6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-nor-Leucine
L-6-Diazo-5-oxonorleucine, DON, Diazooxonorleucine
T8373157-03-9
6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-nor-Leucine (L-6-Diazo-5-oxonorleucine) is a glutaminase antagonist (Ki: 6 μM) and an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified Streptomyces species from Peruvian soil.
- $40
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Resveratrol Cited
trans-Resveratrol, SRT 501
T1558501-36-0
Resveratrol (SRT 501) is a polyphenolic natural product, a plant antitoxin with antioxidant and chemopreventive activities. Resveratrol has a wide range of targets including COX, SIRT, LOC, etc. Resveratrol induces autophagy and apoptosis.
- $36
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CitedCyclosporin A Cited
Cyclosporine A, Cyclosporine, Ciclosporin
T094559865-13-3
Cyclosporin A is a natural product and an active fungal metabolite, classified as a cyclic polypeptide immunosuppressant. It binds to cyclophilin and inhibits the activity of calcineurin (IC₅₀ = 7 nM) as well as CD11a/CD18 adhesion molecules. It is commonly used to induce uremia models.
- $34
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CitedHypericin
Hypericine, Cyclosan
T6S0923548-04-9
Hypericin (Cyclosan) is a natural anthraquinone compound, an extract of Hypericum perforatum, which inhibits PKC, MAO, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, reverse transcriptase, telomerase, and CYP, etc. Hypericin exhibits antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, and antidepressant activities.
AntibacterialAntibioticAntiviralApoptosisCytochromes P450HydroxylaseInfluenza VirusMonoamine OxidasePKCReverse TranscriptaseTelomeraseTyrosine Kinases
- $52
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Oligomycin A Cited
MCH 32
T6323579-13-5
Oligomycin A (MCH 32) is an inhibitor of ATP synthase, inhibits oxidative phosphorylation and all the ATP-dependent processes occurring on the coupling membrane of mitochondria.
- $50
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CitedAnisomycin Cited
Wuningmeisu C, NSC 76712, Flagecidin
T675822862-76-6
Anisomycin is an antibiotic and protein synthesis inhibitor produced by Streptomyces griseolus. It is also a classic activator of p38 MAPK and JNK. By inhibiting protein synthesis, anisomycin induces cellular stress, which activates upstream kinases and subsequently leads to the phosphorylation and activation of p38 MAPK and JNK.
- $34
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