Kainic acid is an excitatory amino acid receptor agonist (EC50=16.2 μM). Kainic acid is an effective excitatory toxic agent. Kainic acid induces epileptic seizures.

Brassinolide (Brassin lactone) is a plant hormone isolated from rapeseed (Brassica napus) promoting stem elongation and cell division.

Rotenone is a natural plant-derived insecticide that acts as an inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I. It promotes the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, induces apoptosis, and is commonly used to establish Parkinson's disease models.

Triptolide (PG490) belongs to the tricyclic diterpenoid group of natural products and is an inhibitor of NF-κB activation. Triptolide exhibits immunosuppressive, anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-tumor activities.

Azadirachtin B (Deacetylazadirachtinol) is a terpenoid compound isolated from Azadirachta seeds, with insecticidal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antiviral activities, useful in the study of viral infections. Azadirachtin B also has osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization properties.

Palmitic acid (Cetylic acid) is a natural product, a common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms. Palmitic acid has antitumor activity.

Astaxanthin (trans-Astaxanthin) is a keto-carotenoid in the terpenes class of chemical compounds. It is classified as a xanthophyll but it is a carotenoid with no vitamin A activity. It is present in most red-colored aquatic organisms. Astaxanthin has shown to mediate anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. It may be found in fish feed or some animal food as a color additive.

Linoleic acid (9,12-octadecadienoic acid) is a naturally occurring polyunsaturated fatty acid found in animal and vegetable oils. Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid that is part of membrane phospholipids.

Narciclasine (Lycoricidinol), a natural product, modulates the Rho/Rho-kinase/LIM kinase/cofilin signaling pathway, greatly increasing GTPase RhoA activity.

Abscisic Acid (Dormin) is a plant hormone, which is involved in many plant developmental processes, modulates ion homeostasis and metabolism, and inhibits germination and seedling growth.

Spinosad is a naturally-occurring insecticide found in the the soil bacterium S. spinosa. It is a mixture of the macrocyclic lactones spinosyn A and spinosyn D, which act as agonists of insect nicotinic acetylcholinesterase receptors (nAChRs).

Carnosol is an Nrf2 activator, increasing Nrf2 levels and promoting heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) expression. It is a ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK2) inhibitor and can be used in gastric cancer-related research with an IC50 value of approximately 5.5 μM.

Epibrassinolide (BP55) (EBR) is a biologically active compound of the brassinosteroids, is a natural brassinosteroid (BR) derivative, is a plant regulator with a similar structure to mammalian steroids.

Azadirachtin has antifungal activity, used as an insecticide.

Matrine (Vegard), an alkaloid isolated from the Sophora genus, acts as a kappa opioid receptor agonist.

Deguelin ((-)-Deguelin) is a PI3K/AKT Inhibitor, which is a natural product isolated from plants in the Mundulea sericea family.

Salicylic acid (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid), a natural compound extracted from Willow bark, is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor of activity cyclooxygenase.

1. Berberine (Umbellatine) is a potent oral hypoglycemic agent with beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. 2. Berberine may as a broad-spectrum anti-microbial medicine, a complementary therapeutic agent for HIV/AIDS. 3. Berberine seems to act as an herbal antidepressant and a neuroprotector against neurodegenerative disorders. 4. Berberine is used in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. As a natural dye, berberine has a colour index of 7516. 5. Berberine reduces hepatic fat content in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; also prevents proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are central for the development of fibrosis during liver injury. 6. Berberine can ameliorate proinflammatory cytokines-induced intestinal epithelial tight junction damage in vitro, and berberine may be one of the targeted therapeutic agents that can restore barrier function in intestinal disease states. 7. Berberine has antineoplastic effects, including breast cancer, leukemia, melanoma, epidermoid carcinoma, hepatoma, pancreatic cancer, oral carcinoma, tongue carcinoma, glioblastoma, prostate carcinoma and gastric carcinoma, etc.

Caffeic acid is a dual inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase and TRPV1 ion channels.

(±)-Abscisic acid is an orally active phytohormone also found in animals. It regulates blood glucose in mammals.

Azadiradione (AZD) (AZD) from the methanolic extract of seeds of Azadirachta indica

Glyceryl Trioleate has been investigated for the treatment of Adrenoleukodystrophy.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (Hedonal) is a synthetic auxin used as a plant growth regulator and also used as a supplement in plant cell culture media. It is an active ingredient in herbicides used to disrupts the actin cytoskeleton for the control of root elongation and cell production.

trans-Zeatin ((E)-Zeatin) is the member of the plant growth hormone family known as cytokinins, which regulate cell division, development, and nutrient processing.