cell cycle arrest

Ginsenoside C-K (Ginsenoside K) is a bacterial metabolite of G-Rb1 exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects by reducing iNOS and COX-2.

Kaempferitrin (Lespenephryl) has antidepressant-like effect related to the serotonergic system, principally 5-HT1A. Kaempferitrin exerts cytotoxic and antitumor effects against HeLa cells. Kaempferitrin stimulates glucose-metabolizing enzymes, promotes glucose homeostasis. Kaempferitrin exerts immunostimulatory effects on immune responses mediated by splenocytes, macrophages, PBMC and NK cells. Kaempferitrin induces cytotoxic effects to include: cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway in a caspase-dependent pathway.

Gracillin can induce cell cycle arrest, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HL60 cells, and has the potential to be developed as an antitumor agent. Gracillin can be selected as lead compounds for the development of new drugs against I. multifiliis.

Schinifoline is a quinolone derivative extracted from Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb with cytotoxic activity that promotes radiosensitization of cancer cells, affects the cell cycle and apoptosis.

Cytarabine (Ara-C) is a nucleoside analog, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis (IC50=16 nM). Cytarabine inhibits DNA polymerase and induces cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis. Cytarabine has antitumor activity.

Vitamin K2 (Menatetrenone) is a menaquinone compound and form of vitamin K2 with potential antineoplastic activity. Menatetrenone may act by modulating the signaling of certain tyrosine kinases, thereby affecting several transcription factors including c-myc and c-fos. This agent inhibits tumor cell growth by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.

(S)-10-Hydroxycamptothecin (10-HCPT) is a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor used as a clinical therapeutic agent against hepatoma.

trans-Nerolidol is a sesquiterpene alcohol isolated from the above-ground parts of the Saharan Valerian plant with antifungal activity. trans-Nerolidol inhibits cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and induces cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase.

(±)-α-Bisabolol (Bisabolol) isa sesquiterpenol extracted from essential oils of chamomile, candida and other plants. It isa natural antiseptic with soothing, antiirritating, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer activities. (±)-α-Bisabolol has anticancer effects on A549 NSC-LC cells by inducing cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial death and inhibiting PI3K Akt signaling (IC50 = 15 μM). (±)-α-Bisabolol can induce apoptosis of glioma cells.

Thymidine (DThyd) is a cell synchronizing agent and a specific precursor of deoxyribonucleic acid. Thymidine inhibits DNA synthesis and can cause cell cycle arrest in the G1 S phase.

Chlorahololide D is a natural lindane-type sesquiterpene dimer and selective potassium channel blocker that stimulates reactive oxygen species ROS levels to cause cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase, modulates Bcl-2 and Bax and FAK, thereby inhibiting MCF-7 cell growth and triggering apoptosis. Chlorahololide D inhibits tumor proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in in vivo experiments and has anti-breast cancer potential.

2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2) is an orally bioavailable estradiol metabolite with potential antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol inhibits angiogenesis by reducing endothelial cell proliferation and inducing endothelial cell apoptosis. This agent also inhibits tumor cell growth by binding to tubulin, resulting in antimitotic activity, and by inducing caspase activation, resulting in cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis.

Terrestrosin D can induce apoptotic cell death and inhibit angiogenesis in xenograft tumor cells, cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells and endothelial cells might be plausible mechanisms of actions for the observed antitumor and an

Lawsone methyl ether (2-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) induces apoptosis in A549 cells independently of cell cycle arrest, mediated by JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. These pathways are activated due to oxidative DNA damage from increased ROS generation in MNQ-treated A549 cells.

Pulsatilla saponin D (Hederacolchiside A) has exhibited potential beneficial effects as a chemopreventive agent for critical health conditions including cancer, and it inhibits cell growth via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various cancer cell types.

1. Oroxylin A (Baicalein 6-methyl ether) has various anti-tumor effects including apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, drug-resistant reversion. 2. Oroxylin A possesses abilities of inhibiting the ATRA-induced IL-6 production via modulation of LAP LIP CHOP in leukemia cell lines, which could providing a therapeutic strategy for RAS. 3. Oroxylin A inhibits UCP2s triggers the MPTP opening, and promotes the apoptosis in CaCo-2 cells; uncoupling protein 2 plays a key role in mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. 4. Oroxylin A inhibits N1ICD translocating to the nucleus and binding to epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related transcription factor Snail, thus suppressing the invasion and migration of MCF-7 cells. 5. Oroxylin A improves the sensitivity of K562 ADM cells by increasing apoptosis in leukemic cells and decreasing the expression of CXCR4 and PI3K Akt NF-κB pathway, and probably served as a most promising agent for CML treatment.

Procyanidin C1 is a natural polyphenol that causes DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis induction. It reduces Bcl-2 protein levels and enhances the expression of BAX, caspase 3, and 9 in cancer cells.

Cedrelone is a citrulline analog and a phenazine biosynthesis-like domain protein (PBLD) activator.Cedrelone induces apoptosis in cancer cells.Cedrelone is a very potent inducer of apoptosis, causing cell cycle arrest.Cedrelone has insecticidal activity, inhibiting the growth of arrowhead venom of P. saucia and inhibiting moulting of the milkweed bug (Oncopeltus fasciatus). Cedrelone has insecticidal activity, inhibiting the growth of P. saucia and inhibiting moulting of the milkweed bug (Oncopeltus fasciatus).Cedrelone has antitumor effects and exhibits significant cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines such as -60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW480.Cedrelone is a very potent inducer of apoptosis, causing cell cycle arrest.Cedrelone is a very potent inducer of apoptosis, leading to cell cycle arrest.

Ailanthone (AIL) is a natural compound derived from the tree Ailanthus altissima and has anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) properties. It can induce G0 G1 phase cell cycle arrest by downregulating the expression of cyclins and CDKs, while upregulating the expression of p21 and p27. Additionally, Ailanthone is a potent androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor, capable of inhibiting both the full-length androgen receptor (IC50: 69 nM) and constitutively active splice variants (IC50: 309 nM).

1. Oxypeucedanin ((+-)-Oxypeucedanin) has novel anticancer effect, mediated via induction of G2-M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells. 2. Oxypeucedanin is a kind of open-channel blocker of the hKv1.5 channel and it prolongs the APD; therefore, it is an excellent candidate as an antiarrhythmic drug for atrial fibrillation.

Beta-mangostin (β-Mangostin) is a xanthone compound with antibacterial and antimalarial activities. Beta-mangostin present in Cratoxylum arborescens and exhibits antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis with an MIC of 6.25 μg mL. Beta-mangostin possesses in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, with an IC50 of 3.00 μg mL. Beta-mangostin has potent anticancer activity against various cancers (such as hepatocellular carcinoma, leukaemic).

Dieckol, a rhizomycin found in some brown algae species, has antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, antiaging, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective effects, ameliorates acute hearing loss, and inhibits cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest in human tracheal fibroblasts via Hs680.Tr.

Neriifolin (17β-Neriifolin), a cardiac glycoside extracted from the unripe fruit of Cerbera manghas, is a Na+K+-ATPase inhibitor with anticancer activity that inhibits cell proliferation by suppressing HOXA9-dependent gene expression and inducing apoptosis in the human acute myeloid cell line, THP-1. Neriifolin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and can be used in prostate cancer research.

Peruvoside (Encordin) is a natural cardiac glycoside that inhibits Na+ K+-ATPase to increase myocardial contractility; causes cell cycle arrest in leukemia stem cells at the G₂ M phase, and; inhibits NSCLC cell growth as a Src inhibitor; and induces apoptosis in cancer cells through MAPK Wnt β-catenin and PI3K AKT mTOR .