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gal

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  • Inhibitors & Agonists
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β-Galactosidase
GAL
T736159031-11-2
β-Galactosidase (GAL) is a glycoside hydrolase that hydrolyzes the β-glycosidic bond formed between galactose and its organic part, and naturally catalyzes the hydrolysis of the galactosidic bond in oligosaccharides and disaccharides for the degradation of lactose and the production of low-lactose and lactose-free lactose products that are beneficial to lactose intolerant patients.
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7-10 days
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(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate
Epigallocatechol Gallate, EGCG
T2988989-51-5
(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a phenolic antioxidant polyphenol flavonoid found in plants such as green and black tea, which inhibits telomerase and DNA methyltransferase, blocks the activation of EGF receptors and HER-2 receptors, inhibits cellular oxidation, and prevents free radical damage to cells.
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Astragaloside IV
AST-IV, AS-IV
T297384687-43-4
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), an active component isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, suppresses the activation of ERK1 2 and JNK, and downregulates matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2, (MMP)-9 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Astragaloside IV is a bioactive saponin first isolated from the dried plant roots of the genus Astragalus, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine.1 It dose-dependently inhibits human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV-3) in A549 cells (IC50 = 23 μM; LC50 = 865 μM).It inhibits replication of HAdV-3 and decreases HAdV-3-induced apoptosis. It has diverse protective effects for the cardiovascular, immune, digestive, and nervous systems. In particular, it reduces myocardial infarct size in dogs when administered prior to coronary ligation and reduces reperfusion arrhythmias in isolated rat hearts.
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Galanthamine hydrobromide
Galanthamine HBr, Galantamine hydrobromide
T00861953-04-4
Galanthamine hydrobromide (Galantamine hydrobromide), a long-acting and centrally active AChE inhibitor (IC50:410 nM), is an allosteric potentiator at neuronal nicotinic ACh receptors.
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D-Galactose
D-Galactopyranose, D-(+)-Galactose, Alpha-D-galactose
T059159-23-4
D-Galactose (Alpha-D-galactose) is an aldohexose that exists naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins and is converted enzymatically into D-glucose for metabolism or polysaccharides for storage. It accelerates senescence in invertebrates and mammals and has been used as a model for aging.
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Gallic acid
Gallate, 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid
T0877149-91-7
Gallic acid (Benzoic acid) is found in almost all plants. Plants known for their high gallic acid content include gallnuts,grapes,tea,hops and oak bark.
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(-)-Epicatechin gallate
Epicatechin gallate, ECG, (−)-Epicatechin 3-gallate, (-)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate, (-)-Epicatechin 3-gallate
T27321257-08-5
(-)-Epicatechin gallate ((-)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate) is one of the catechin isomers and a potent antioxidant that can modulate a wide range of membrane proteins. Its bilayer-modifying potency was tested using gramicidin A (gA) channels as probes. All the catechins alter gA channel function and modify bilayer properties, with a 500-fold range in potency. The gallate group causes current block, as evident by brief downward current transitions.
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(-)-Epigallocatechin
l-Epigallocatechin, Epigallocatechin, EGC
T2987970-74-1
(-)-Epigallocatechin, the predominant flavonoid in green tea, possesses the unique ability to attach to unfolded native polypeptides, thereby inhibiting their transformation into amyloid fibrils.
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Octyl gallate
Gallic acid octyl ester, n-Octylgallate, Octyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, Progallin O, Stabilizer GA-8
T2S18651034-01-1
1. Octyl Gallate is an antioxidant approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a food additive. 2. Octyl Gallate has antimetastatic activity. 3. Octyl Gallate shows antimicrobial activity against H. pylori, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 125 ug mL. 4. Combination therapy with octyl gallate and ferulic acid improves cognition and neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.5. Octyl Gallate is a potential anticancer agent, it exhibited decreased MCF-7 & MDA-MB-231 survival and induced apoptosis, with IC50 value of 40 uM. 6. Octyl gallate (Octyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) has antiviral activity, it shows an inhibitory effect on the growth of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in HEp-2 or Vero cells. 7. Octyl gallate shows antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC7754 and Zygosaccharomyces bailii ATCC 60483.
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Cyclogalegenin
Cyclogalegigenin, Cyclogalagenin, Astramembrangenin, Cycloastragenol
T333384605-18-5
Cyclogalegenin (Astramembrangenin) is able to elongate telomeres, resulting in increased lifespan of the animals.
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Galangin
Norizalpinin, 3,5,7-Trihydroxyflavone
T3668548-83-4
Galangin (Norizalpinin) is an agonist antagonist of the arylhydrocarbon receptor, and also shows inhibition of CYP1A1 activity.
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Ethyl gallate
Phyllemblin, Nipagallin A, gallic acid ethyl ester
T3729831-61-8
Ethyl gallate (gallic acid ethyl ester) obviously decreases cell proliferation in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, exhibits cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Ethyl gallate can inhibit the abilities of invasion of breast cancer in vitro by inhibiting the mRNA levels of MMP-9 MMP-2, phosphorylation of Akt and protein expression of NF-κB and inhibits hydrogen peroxide signaling, may represent an alternative class of vasopressors for use in septic shock. Also, Ethyl gallate suppresses proliferation and invasion in human breast cancer cells by modulating the PI3K Akt pathway, which may contribute to inhibiting their downstream targets such as NF-κB p-65, Bcl-2 Bax, and mRNA levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in breast cancer cells, could be used as potential antioxidants with safe therapeutic application in cancer chemotherapy.
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Methyl gallate
NSC 363001, Gallincin, Gallicin, Gallic acid methyl ester
T373099-24-1
Methyl gallate (Gallincin) is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor with antioxidant, anti-HIV-1 and HIV-1 enzyme inhibition activities.
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syringaldehyde
Syringic aldehyde, Springaldehyde
T3747134-96-3
syringaldehyde is a polyphenolic compound belonging to the group of flavonoids and is found in different plant species like Manihot esculenta and Magnolia officinalis. Syringaldehyde moderately inhibits COX-2 activity with an IC50 of 3.5 μg mL. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Pyrogallol
Piral, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene
T374987-66-1
Pyrogallol (Piral) is a white crystalline powder and a powerful reducing agent prepared by heating gallic acid.
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D(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride
D-Galactosamine HCl
T39991772-03-8
D(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride (D-Galactosamine HCl) hepatotoxicity is associated with endotoxin sensitivity and mediated by lymphoreticular cells in mice.
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Propyl gallate
Tenox PG, n-Propyl gallate, Gallic acid propyl esterZ
T3S1866121-79-9
Propyl gallate (Gallic acid propyl esterZ) is an antioxidant used in foods especially animal fats and vegetable oils, also in a wide variety of cosmetics and beauty care products.
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D-N-Acetylgalactosamine
N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine, D-GalNAc
T47081811-31-0
D-N-Acetylgalactosamine (N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine) is an important constituent of brain heteropolysaccharides (glycoproteins).
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Astragaloside A
Astragalin A, Astramembrannin I
T639583207-58-3
Astragaloside A (Astramembrannin I) is the primary pure saponin isolated from Astragalus membranaceus.
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Gallic Acid Monohydrate
Gallic acid hydrate, 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid Monohydrate, 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid hydrate
T669035995-86-8
Gallic Acid Monohydrate (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid Monohydrate) is a hydrate of Gallic Acid, a natural polyhydroxyphenol, which inhibits the free radical scavenging effect of COX-2, and possesses a variety of physiological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antibacterial.
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7-10 days
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Pinocembrin 7-O-[3''-O-galloyl-4'',6''-hexahydroxydiphenoyl]-β-D-glucoside
pinocembrin-7-o-3-o-galloyl-4-6-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-beta-d-glucoside, Pinocembrin 7-O-(3''-galloyl-4'',6''-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl)-beta-D-glucose
T2S1682205370-59-8
Pinocembrin 7-O-[3''-O-galloyl-4'',6''-hexahydroxydiphenoyl]-β-D-glucoside can moderately inhibit α-amylase activity, with an IC50 value of 0.03 µmol ml.
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Gallein
Pyrogallolphthalein, Mordant violet 25, Alizarin violet
T30402103-64-2
Gallein (Mordant violet 25) is a small molecule inhibitor of Gβγ activity.
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Theaflavin-3-gallate
Theaflavine-3-Gallate
T305130462-34-1
Theaflavin-3-gallate (Theaflavine-3-Gallate) can play a role in decreased intestinal cholesterol absorption via inhibition of micelle formation. Theaflavin-3-gallate has anticancer and apoptotic effects in non-small cell lung carcinoma, it acts as prooxidants and induce oxidative stress, with carcinoma cells more sensitive than normal fibroblasts.
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Pentagalloylglucose
Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose, 1,2,3,4,6-O-Pentagalloylglucose
T379414937-32-7
1, 2, 3, 4, 6-Pentagalloylglucose (Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose) and gallic acid from Pistacia lentiscus have antimutagenic and antioxidant activities. 2. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG) possesses potent anti-proliferative and anti-invasive effects, it also has inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 activity. 3. PGG may serve as a model for the development of new types of anti-diabetic and anti-metabolic syndrome therapeutics. 4. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-Penta- O -galloyl-β- d -glucose has vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects, it dilates vascular smooth muscle and suppresses the vascular inflammatory process via endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO) cGMP signaling. 5. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose can decrease the level of extracellular hepatitis B virus (HBV) (IC5, 1. microg ml) in a dose-dependent manner, it also can reduce the HBsAg level by 25% at a concentration of 4 microg ml; the gallate structure of PGG may play a critical role in the inhibition of anti-HBV activity, suggests that PGG could be a candidate for developing an anti-HBV agent. 6. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose has anti-parasitic activity, displays an EC5 value of 67 μM, at least 6.6-fold more effective than the standard drug benznidazole against trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi.
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