Hepatitis

Hepatitis Virus C NS3 Protease Inhibitor 2, a peptide inhibitor derived from a product targeting the NS3 protease of the hepatitis C virus (HCV), exhibits inhibitory activity with a Ki value of 41 nM.

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein has been found in the nucleus, the cytoplasm, or both of HBV-infected hepatocytes. nuclear localization of the HBV core protein is negatively regulated by phosphorylation during the cell cycle.

HBcAg (core antigen) is a hepatitis B viral protein. It is an indicator of active viral replication; this means the person infected with Hepatitis B can likely transmit the virus on to another person.

Punicalin exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-hepatotoxic activities, it shows inhibitory activity on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 0.11 microg/ml (0.14 microM).

HBF-0259 is an inhibitors of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) secretion with an EC50 of 11.3 μM and a CC50 value of >50 μM in HepG2.2.15 cells. HBF-0259 had a EC50 of approximately 1.5 microM in a secondary, HBV-expressing cell line, with a concentration that exhibited 50% cytotoxicity of >50 microM. The equilibrium concentration of HBF-0259 in aqueous solution at physiological pH was 15 to 16 microM; the selective index was thus >9.

Vardenafil (Vivanza) is an oral therapy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. It is a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). Penile erection is a hemodynamic process initiated by the relaxation of smooth muscle in the corpus cavernosum and its associated arterioles. During sexual stimulation, nitric oxide is released from nerve endings and endothelial cells in the corpus cavernosum. Nitric oxide activates the enzyme guanylate cyclase resulting in increased synthesis of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in the smooth muscle cells of the corpus cavernosum. The cGMP in turn triggers smooth muscle relaxation, allowing increased blood flow into the penis, resulting in erection. The tissue concentration of cGMP is regulated by both the rates of synthesis and degradation via phosphodiesterases (PDEs). The most abundant PDE in the human corpus cavernosum is the cGMPspecific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5); therefore, the inhibition of PDE5 enhances erectile function by increasing the amount of cGMP.

Catalpol (Catalpinoside) is an iridoid glycoside with neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hepatitis virus effects.

Bifendate (Bifendatatum) is commonly used to treat the transaminase elevation that caused by viral hepatitis and drug-induced liver injury.

4-Hydroxyacetophenone (4-Acetylphenol) is a potent xanthine oxidase inhibitor.

Vardenafil hydrochloride trihydrate (BAY38-9456) is a new type PDE inhibitor with IC50 of 0.7 and 180 nM for PDE5 and PDE1, respectively.

Vardenafil hydrochloride is a New Phosphodiesterase Type 5(PDE5) Inhibitor, in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction in Men With Diabetes

Apoptosis Inhibitor was a novel inhibitor of programmed cell death associate with caspase-3 inhibition.

KIN101 (3-(4-Bromophenyl)-7-[(methylsulfonyl)oxy]-4-oxo-4H-chromene), an isoflavone agonist of IRF-3 dependent signaling, induces IRF-3 nuclear translocation. KIN101 has antiviral activity against RNA viruses, HCV, and RSV.

NVR 3-778 is a first-in-class, orally bioavailable HBV CAM belonging to the SBA class, exhibiting anti-HBV activity.

Vardenafil dihydrochloride (Levitra) is a new type PDE inhibitor with IC50 of 0.7 and 180 nM for PDE5 and PDE1, respectively.

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) is a fluorescent anthracycline antitumor antibiotic that inhibits Topoisomerase I/II, induces apoptosis and autophagy, downregulates the AMPK signaling pathway, and is commonly used in cancer chemotherapy as well as in models of nephritis and heart failure.

Punicalagin is a major ellagitannin found in pomegranates that is reported to produce antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. It has been shown to prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity-associated accumulation of cardiac triglyceride and ch

Resiquimod (R848) is an agonist of Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7/TLR8) that induces the upregulation of cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-α. It possesses immunomodulatory, antitumor, and antiviral activities, and can be used to induce models of myocarditis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Mecarbinate is an indole derivative with anti-HCV activity and immunomodulatory effects.

Entecavir monohydrate (BMS-200475) is a selective inhibitor of the replication of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It, a new deoxyguanine nucleoside analog.

Entecavir (SQ34676) is a guanosine nucleoside analogue used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Entecavir therapy can be associated with flares of the underlying hepatitis B during or after therapy, but has not been linked to cases of clinically apparent liver injury.

Osalmid (Oxaphenamide) is a choleretic drug, inhibits ribonucleotide reductase activity by targeting ribonucleotide reductase small subunit M2 (RRM2).

Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) is a natural product, a sesquiterpene lactone, derived from Artemisia annua. Artemisinin has anti-malarial activity, as well as neuroprotective and anti-tumor activity.

Lamivudine (BCH-189) is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It is used to treat HIV disease.