biosynthesis

AY 9944 is a specific cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor that targets the 7-dehydrocholesterol Δ7-reductase (DHCR7) enzyme (IC50=13 nM). At high doses, AY 9944 also inhibits sterol Δ7-Δ8 isomerase in cultured embryos, leading to the accumulation of cholest-8-en-3β-ol[1][2][3]. Additionally, AY 9944 causes hypocholesterolemia and accumulation of 7DHC.

Prochloraz (Prelude) is a broad-spectrum contact imidazole fungicide. Prochloraz inhibits human placental microsomal aromatase in vitro (IC50 = 40 nM). Prochloraz also acts as an estrogen receptor (IC50s = 25 μM) and androgen receptor (IC50 = 4 μM) antagonist, and activates aryl hydrocarbon receptors (EC50 = 1 μM).

Velutin shows the strongest inhibitory effect in NF-κB activation and exhibits the greatest effects in blocking the degradation of inhibitor of NF-κB as well as in inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 and JNK phosphorylation. Velutin has anti-inflammatory property. Velutin exhibits the greatest potency among all flavones which reduce TNF-α and IL-6 production.

Deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate trisodium (Deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate (dTTP) trisodium salt) is one of the four natural deoxynucleotides. It is used for the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid by DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase.

Eleutheroside B1 mediates its anti-influenza activity through POLR2A and N-glycosylation. Eleutheroside B1 inhibits the mRNA expression of several chemokine genes and the influenza nucleoprotein (NP) gene, and exhibits low cytotoxicity. Antiviral and anti

Cycloheximide (Naramycin A) is a natural product that reversibly inhibits translation elongation, is an antimitotic compound, and is an inhibitor of DNA and protein synthesis.

D-(-)-3-Phosphoglyceric acid disodium (3-Phospho-D-glyceric acid disodium) is an intermediate in glycolysis gluconeogenesis and the biosynthesis of serine, glycine, and threonine, competitively inhibiting yeast enolase. It also functions as an intermediate in biosynthetic pathways in plants, eukaryotes, and prokaryotes.

Elesclomol (STA-4783) is an oxidative stress inducer and a highly lipophilic copper ion carrier. Elesclomol induces apoptosis in tumor cells and is used in copper death related studies. Elesclomol also inhibits FDX1-mediated Fe-S cluster biosynthesis.

Angiotensin II human (Ang II) is a biologically active peptide, a vasoconstrictor. Angiotensin II interacts with AT1R and AT2R to regulate blood pressure, stimulate sympathetic nerves, and increase aldosterone biosynthesis and renal activity in humans.

5-A-RU (5-Amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil) is an early intermediate in riboflavin biosynthesis and is found in a variety of bacteria and yeast as well as plants. 5-A-RU is also a mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell activator that forms potent MAIT-activating antigens through non-enzymatic reactions with small molecules from other metabolic pathways.

(Rac)-AMXT-1501 4HCl is a polyamine transport inhibitor that inhibits polyamine transport and acts synergistically with cisplatin in HNSCC. (Rac)-AMXT-1501 4HCl has potential antimicrobial activity and inhibits neuroblastoma cell proliferation and pneumococcal pod biosynthesis by targeting ornithine decarboxylase and polyamine transport.

Androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione is a lipophilic and specific aromatase inhibitor (Ki: 0.18 μM) that inhibits estrogen biosynthesis, exhibits antifertility effects, and induces impairment of spatial memory.

Salicyl-AMS is an inhibitor of mycobacterium auxin biosynthesis that inhibits the growth of mycobacterium in the presence of iron deficiency in vitro.

L 651896 is a novel leukotriene biosynthesis and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor for the study of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.

Dalvastatin (RG-12561) is an orally available inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol-lowering synthesis.Dalvastatin competitively inhibits rat hepatic HMG-CoA reductase with an IC50 value of 3.4 nmol l. Dalvastatin inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis in liver sections in rat experiments with an ED50 value of 0.9.

Triparanol (NSC-65345) interferes with posttranslational modification of Hedgehog signaling molecules as well as the sterol sensing domain of its receptor PTCH1, leading to down-regulation of Hedgehog signaling. Triparanol suppresses human tumor growth and is an antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity.

CJ-13,610 is an orally active and nonredox-type inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). CJ-13,610 inhibits the biosynthesis of leukotriene B4 and regulates the expression of IL-6 mRNA in macrophages.

CT-2584 is an anticancer agent that inhibits phospholipid signaling and kills tumor cells through the production of reactive oxygen intermediates. CT-2584 reduces NKEF-B expression in several tumor cell types. CT-2584 reduced tumor growth in SCID mice by causing shunting of ab initio phospholipid biosynthesis from phosphatidylcholine (PC) to phosphatidylinositol (PI) via PA.

Cytembena is a cytostatic and a carcinogenic compound that may increase the incidence of fibroadenomas.Cytembena broadly inhibits DNA biosynthesis.

Olorofim(F-901318)is a novel selective antifungal compound targeting pyrimidine biosynthesis in mycobacteria, with inhibitory effect on Aspergillus fumigatus DHODH (IC50: 44 nM), but little inhibitory effect on human DHODH (>100 uM).Olorofim has good efficacy against a variety of pathogenic filamentous and dimorphic fungi, such as Penicillium spp, P. dermatitidis spp and Fusarium spp.

Bupicomide is a dopamine beta hydroxylase inhibitor with antihypertensive and vasodilatory activity that reduces 14C-norepinephrine biosynthesis of 14C-dopamine and can be used to study hypertension.

L-161240 is an antimicrobial agent associated with lipid A biosynthesis with an IC50 value of 30 nM as determined by DEACET and a MIC value of 1-3 μg mL against wild-type E. coli.

Namirotene (CBS 211A) is a protein biosynthesis inhibitor, a synthetic retinoic acid analog that is used in the study of corneal diseases, corneal ulcers and dry eye syndrome.

Epostane acts as an antiprogestogen and terminates pregnancy by inhibiting 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and preventing the biosynthesis of progesterone and pregnenolone. [4]