type 2 diabetes

Glipizide (CP 28720) is a short-acting, second-generation sulfonylurea with hypoglycemic activity.

Pioglitazone (U 72107) is a PPARγ agonist with EC50 of 0.93 and 0.99 μM on human and mouse PPARγ, respectively, and has selective and oral activity. Pioglitazone can be used in diabetes research.

Metformin hydrochloride (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride), a widely used anti-diabetic drug, exhibits potential anti-Y properties by inhibiting the proliferation of various Y cells, including colon and prostate.

Empagliflozin (BI 10773) is an SGLT-2 inhibitor (IC50=3.1 nM) that is potent and selective, with more than 300-fold selectivity for SGLT-1/4/5/6. Empagliflozin is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Semaglutide Acetate is a GLP-1R agonist (EC50=6.2 pM) with long-acting, selective, competitive, and oral efficacy. Semaglutide acetate can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes.

Finerenone (BAY-948862) is a nonsteroidal antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) (IC50=18 nM) with selective and oral activity. Finerenone is used in the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes.

GIP (3-42), human (Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (3-42) (human)) is a peptide that acts as a glucose-dependent proinsulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor antagonist and regulates insulin secretion and the metabolic effects of GIP in vivo, which can be used to study type 2 diabetes.

Liraglutide (Liraglutida) is a synthetic analog of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an agonist of the GLP-1 receptor. Liraglutide can be used to treat type 2 diabetes and chronic obesity.

PX-478 is a HIF-1α inhibitor with selectivity, oral activity, and blood-brain barrier permeability. PX-478 has antitumor activity and also protects pancreatic β-cell function in diabetes mellitus and is used in type 2 diabetes mellitus research.

Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) is an AMPK activator with blood-brain barrier permeability. Metformin may improve glycemic control by increasing insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal glucose uptake, and is commonly used in type 2 diabetes research.

AVE5688, an inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase (GP), has IC50 values of 430 nM and 915 nM, and Kd values of 170 nM and 530 nM for rmGPb and rmGPa, respectively. It is suitable for research on type 2 diabetes.

DGAT-1 inhibitor 2 is an effective DGAT-1 inhibitor and anti-obesity drug. DGAT-1 (acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1) is one of two known DGAT enzymes that catalyze the final step of triglyceride synthesis. Transgenic mice and pharmacological studies indicate that inhibiting DGAT1 is a promising strategy for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes.

RH01386 is a small molecule that prevents ER stress-induced β cell dysfunction and death, inhibits proapoptotic gene expression, and restores ER stress-impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion responses, showing potential for type 2 diabetes treatment.

Ertiprotafib (PTP 112), a selective and potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphate 1B (PTP1B) and IkappaB kinase β (IKK-β), is a novel insulin sensitizer with potential anticancer activity for the study of type 2 diabetes and breast cancer.

Managlinat dialanetil (MB06322) is an orally available and potent fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) inhibitor with hypoglycaemic activity for the study of type 2 diabetes.

PF-04937319 is an activator of glucokinase (EC50 =154.4  μM). PF-04937319 maintains glucose-lowering efficacy while mitigating the risk of hypoglycemia observed with many other glucokinase activators. PF-04937319 can be used in research on the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

AICAR monophosphate (Aica ribonucleotide) is a purine precursor with antineoplastic activity and can be used in studies about type 2 diabetes.

Muraglitazar (BMS-298585) is a PPAR α γ dual agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and associated dyslipidemia. Muraglitazar shows potent activity in vitro at human PPARα and PPARγ with EC50 of 320 nM and 110 nM respectively.

P32/98 hemifumarate is a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitor with hypoglycemic properties that improves insulin sensitivity and β-cell responsiveness in the Zucker diabetic rat model, and may be useful in studies of type 2 diabetes and colitis.

ARH-049020 (ARH049020) is a PPAR agonist used in the study of type 2 diabetes.

BI-135585 is an orally active, selective and potent inhibitor of human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 (HSD1) for the study of type 2 diabetes.

Cameglipti, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor, is used potentially for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

CLX 0921, a PPAR gamma agonist, is used potentially for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

GS-9667, a selective and partial agonist of the A(1) adenosine receptor (AR), represents an effective therapy for Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and dyslipidemia via lowering of free fatty acids (FFA).