muscarinic

Anisodamine Hydrobromide (6-Hydroxyhyoscyamine) is an anticholinergic and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acute circulatory shock.

Anisodamine (6-beta-Hydroxyhyoscyamine) is an antagonist of muscarinic and nicotinic cholinoceptor with similar affinities at the muscarinic receptor as scopolamine and atropine. Anisodamine improve the microcirculation in states of shock and can be used in studies about organophosphate poisoning.

Arecoline hydrobromide (Arecoline HBr) is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist.

Pilocarpine Hydrochloride (NSC 5746 HCl) , a nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, is utilized to produce an experimental model of epilepsy.

Nortropine (Nortropenol) is used as muscarinic receptor antagonists.

Choline bitartrate (2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium) is a form of the nutrient choline which is found in foods. Choline is necessary for normal liver and kidney function and a component of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, a chemical that facilitates communication between the nerves and muscles.

Pilocarpine nitrate (Pilagan) is a slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.

Arecoline is a natural alkaloid derived from areca nut in the palm family and is a potent nicotine and partial agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Arecoline has anti-anxiety and anti-parasitic activity, can induce oxidative stress and can be used to study Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease.

Quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate is an optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the Cinchona tree and similar plant species. It prolongs cellular action potential and decreases automaticity. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.

Anethole trithione (Anetholtrithion) is a bile secretion-stimulating drug that restores salivation and relieves the discomfort of dry mouth in chemotherapy-induced xerostomia.

Anisodine is an inhibitor of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) with neuroprotective activity, used in research on multiple myeloma and metastatic breast cancer.

Atropine (DL-Hyoscyamine) Sulfate is the sulfate salt of atropine, a naturally-occurring alkaloid isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna. Atropine functions as a sympathetic, competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby abolishing the effects of parasympathetic stimulation.

1. Peimisine (Ebeiensine) can affect M-receptor, excit β-receptor, restrain the release of internal calcium, and promote to releaseing nitrogen monoxidum in order to relax tracheal smooth muscle and relieve asthma. 2. Peimisine can attenuate lung tissue injury( ALI), LDH and MDA amount in ALI mice in a dose dependent manner, it also lower the total protein, total white blood cells, lymphocyte and neutrophilic leukocyte in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid( BALF); suggests that peimisine can play a protective role against LPS-induced acute lung injury. 3. Peimisine has the protective effect on the experimental hepatic fibrosis formation, the possible mechanisms are associated with inhibiting fibrogenesis and fibrosis accumulation, and decreasing lipid peroxidation. 4. Peimisine can inhibit angiotensin I converting enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner, displaying 5 % inhibitory concentration values of 526.5 microM, thus, it may have antihypertensive action.

Dronedarone (SR 33589) is an amiodarone analogue which has an effective and promising treatment for Atrial fibrillation.

Izalpinin exhibits potent antioxidant activities in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Izalpinin exhibits inhibitory role of muscarinic receptor-related detrusor contractile activity, and it may be a promising lead compound to treat overactiv

Guvacoline hydrochloride (Norarecoline hydrochloride) is a muscarinic agonist.

Atropine sulfate monohydrate (Atropine sulfate hydrate), the sulfate salt of atropine, is a competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist.

L-Hyoscyamine sulfate hydrate, a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid, acts as an effective competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors (MR). It is the levorotary isomer of Atropine.

Echimidine ((+)-Echimidine) is a natural pyrrolizidine alkaloid and direct AChE inhibitor that also has binding activity to muscarinic receptors and 5-HT2, and can be used to study Alzheimer's disease.

L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine) functions as a non-selective, competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting the parasympathetic activities of acetylcholine on the salivary, bronchial, and sweat glands, as well as the eye, heart, bladder, and gastrointestinal tract. Hyoscyamine is a belladonna alkaloid derivative and the levorotatory form of racemic atropine isolated from the plants Hyoscyamus niger or Atropa belladonna, which exhibits anticholinergic activity. These inhibitory effects cause a decrease in saliva, bronchial mucus, gastric juices, and sweat. Furthermore, its inhibitory action on smooth muscle prevents bladder contraction and decreases gastrointestinal motility.

Hupehenine is a steriodal alkaloid extracted from the bulbs of Fritillaria Hupehensis, with the potential for inhibiting acetylcholine, antagonism for muscarinic receptors and cholinesterase inhibition.

Isopteropodine (Uncarine E) is an isoyohimbine-type octindole alkaloid isolated from Hamelia patens micropropagated and has antimicrobial activity and stimulates the immune system. Isopteropodine has antimicrobial activity and stimulates the immune system.Isopteropodine is a positive modulator of muscarinic M1 and 5-HT2 receptors and a PXR activator that induces contraction of the rat myometrium.

Atropine sulfate (Sulfatropinol) is a competitive antagonist for muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.

Fustin is the phytogenic flavanol component of the plant Rhus verniciflua Stokes. Fustin shows protective effects on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal cell death.