tsh-α

D-Thyroxine (Dextroxin) could lower cholesterol and also increases hepatic lipase which in turn improves utilization of triglycerides, leading to improve apolipoprotein E cholesterol particles.

Thyrotropin (TSH), a thyroid-stimulating hormone, is synthesized by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland and modulates the endocrine activity of the thyroid [1] [2].

VA-K-14 hydrochloride(VAK14 HCl) is a selective thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) antagonist (IC50= 12.3 μM) that inhibits TSHR stimulation by serum and monoclonal TSHR-stimulating antibodies from patients with GD and abrogates TSHR signaling.

Teprotumumab is a human monoclonal antibody that blocks the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R). Teprotumumab binds to the extracellular α-subunit domain ligand of IGF-1R. Teprotumumab inhibits TSH and IGF-1 action in fibrocytes. Teprotumumab reduces TSH-dependent IL-6 and IL-8 expression and Akt phosphorylation. Teprotumumab can be used in the study of thyroid-associated eye diseases.

ML-109 is a potent agonist of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) (EC50 of 40 nM)

NCGC00229600 is an allosteric inverse thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) agonist. NCGC00229600 inhibits both TSH and stimulating antibody activation of TSHRs endogenously and can be used in Graves' disease studies.

ML224 (NCGC00242364) is a TSHR antagonist for the treatment of Graves' orbital disease and Graves' hyperthyroidism.

Org41841 is an agonist of luteinising hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor and thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (EC50s: 0.2 and 7.7 μM, respectively) and can be used to study hyperthyroidism.

D3-βArr (NCGC00379308) is a positive allosteric modulator for thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), which initiates translocation of β-Arr 1 (EC50: 11.6 μM) by direct TSHR activation.

Pyributicarb (TSH-888) is a potent activator of both CYP3A4 gene and human pregnane X receptor (hPXR).

Protirelin Acetate (TRH Acetate) is a thyrotropin-releasing hormone, stimulating the release of thyrotropin and prolactin from the anterior pituitary.

Apoptozole (Apoptosis Activator VII) inhibits the ATPase domain of Hsc70 and Hsp70, inducing apoptosis.

TRC051384 is a heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) inducer that reduces stroke-associated neuronal damage and increases survival in a rat model of transient ischemic stroke, activates heat shock factor-1 and leads to elevated molecular chaperone and anti-inflammatory activity, and enhances Hsp72 expression in neurons and glial cells.

ML346 is a novel activator of Hsp70.

Pifithrin-μ (NSC-303580) is an inhibitor of p53 and HSP70, with neuroprotective and antitumor activity.

VER-155008 is a potent Hsp70 family inhibitor with IC50 of 0.5 μM, 2.6 μM, and 2.6 μM in cell-free assays for HSP70, HSC70, and GRP78, respectively, >100-fold selectivity over HSP90.

Ethoxyquin (Santoflex) is an antioxidant used in animal feeds.

2-hexyl-4-Pentynoic Acid, a valproic acid (VPA) derivatives, is a potent and robust HDACs inhibitor with IC50 value of 13 μM.

Paeoniflorin (Peoniflorin) is a herbal constituent extracted from the root of Paeonia albiflora Pall.

Palmitic acid (Cetylic acid) is a natural product, a common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms. Palmitic acid has antitumor activity.

Teprenone (Geranylgeranylacetone) is a anti-ulcer drug, and works as an inducer of heat shock proteins (HSPs).

Manganese chloride tetrahydrate is a high-purity manganese salt that can serve as a cofactor for enzyme reactions and provide essential trace elements in cell culture, and is commonly used in biochemical experiments.

Heptanoic acid sodium is the sodium salt of Heptanoate.The C(5) ketogenicity of Heptanoate is much lower than the C(4) ketogenicity of octanoate, and it can inhibit the osteoporosis and gluconeogenesis of Heptanoate.

Trans-1,2-Cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid (CDTA) is a cyclohexane derivative and a multidentate chelating agent with strong chelating ability towards divalent and trivalent metal ions, comparable to EDTA. It is commonly used as a metal ion chelating agent, titrant, and radiopharmaceutical ligand.