glycosides

Quercetin, a flavonoid natural product, is a SIRT1 activator. It is also a PI3K inhibitor, inhibiting PI3Kγ, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kβ with IC50 values of 2.4, 3.0, and 5.4 μM, respectively. Recognized as a heat shock protein inhibitor, Quercetin can significantly reduce exosome release in TII models by downregulating Hsp70 or Hsp90.

Bleomycin sulfate is a glycopeptide antibiotic with antitumor activity. It is commonly used as a DNA-damaging agent and DNA synthesis inhibitor. It functions by inducing DNA strand breaks without affecting RNA strands. Bleomycin sulfate is widely used in cancer research and for establishing pulmonary fibrosis animal models.

Ascamycin is a 5'-O-sulfonamide ribonucleoside antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spp. It exhibits selective antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas species, inhibiting Xanthomonas citri, Xanthomonas oryzae, and phage with MIC values of 0.4 μg mL, 12.5 μg mL, and 12.5 μg mL respectively.

Escin (Aescin) is biosynthesized from protoaescigenin and barringtogenol, occurring in the seeds of Aesculus.

Casanthranol, a concentrated mixture of anthranol glycosides from the dried bark of Rhamnus p. (cascara sagrada), is a stimulant laxative used to alleviate constipation and other medical conditions by increasing muscle contractions in the intestinal wall to facilitate bowel movements.

Diosmin (Venosmine) is a bioflavonoid that strengthens vascular walls.

Teicoplanin (MDL-507) is a semisynthetic glycopeptide antibiotic, used to treat Gram-positive bacteria.

Azithromycin hydrate (CP-62993 dihydrate) is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.

Chitosan (MW 150000) (Deacetylated chitin) is a linear polysaccharide made up of randomly distributed β-(1-4)-linked D-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.

γ-Cyclodextrin (Ringdex C) is a cycloamylose composed of eight alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units found in some foods.

2'-Deoxycytidine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride form of 2'-Deoxycytidine, an important deoxyribonucleoside analog commonly used in DNA synthesis and potentially anticancer, and its derivative Gemcitabine has been developed as an anticancer drug.2'-Deoxycytidine 2'-Deoxycytidine hydrochloride protects mice from the lethal toxicity of cytosine arabinoside(araC).

Ginsenoside Rg1 (Panaxoside Rg1) is a class of steroid glycosides, and triterpene saponins found exclusively in the plant genus Panax (ginseng). It improves spatial learning and increase hippocampal synaptophysin level in mice, plus demonstrates estrogen-like activity.

Puerarin (Kakonein), also known as Kakonein, is a member of the class of compounds known as isoflavonoid C-glycosides. It is a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist.

Ginsenoside Rb1 (Gypenoside Ⅲ) is part of a class of steroid glycosides; may have properties that inhibit or prevent the growth of tumors.

Diosgenin (Nitogenin) is a spirostan found in DIOSCOREA and other plants. It has favorable effects in the improvement of diabetes and regulation of lipid metabolism.

Genistin (Genistoside) is the major isoflavonoid of soybeans and soy products.It has been reported to possess various therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities

Daidzin (Daidzoside) is an isoflavone isolated from soya bean with anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-atherosclerotic activities.

Sophoricoside (Genistein sophoricoside) is effective against inflammation and can reduce the GPT.

Isosteviol ((-)-Isosteviol), a common natural sweetener, belongs to tetracyclic diterpene glycosides. The pharmacology researches have suggested that stevioside and its hydrolysis products, steviol, isosteviol and steviolbioside, have many biological activities, such as reducing blood glucose, lowering blood pressure, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-diarrhea, antibacterium, immunoregulation, etc.

D-Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate sodium salt hydrate is the intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism, including glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. During glycolysis, it is produced by phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate by phosphofructokinase. The reverse reaction mediated by fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase-1 is one of the rate-limiting steps of gluconeogenesis. The same reaction occurs in the chloroplasts of plants, D-Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate sodium salt hydrate as part of the reducing pentose phosphate cycle. Since cancer cells use glycolysis as a primary source of metabolic energy production, this pathway has become a major target for cancer chemotherapy.

Naringinase is a hydrolytic enzymatic complex that exhibits α-L-rhamnosidase and β-D-glucosidase activities. It is widely found in nature and is primarily utilized for the biotransformation of steroids, antibiotics, and glycosides.

Nicotinamide riboside chloride, also known as NR and SRT647, is a pyridine-nucleoside form of vitamin B3 that functions as a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or NAD+.

Kanamycin (Kanamycin A) is an orally administered aminoglycoside antibiotic with antibacterial activity, inhibiting bacterial and viral replication by targeting cellular RNA, used for research on tuberculosis and pneumonia.

Saponins (Sapogenins Glycosides) are a mixture of triterpene and steroid saponins isolated from medicinal plants such as Aesculus hippocastanum L., Hedera helix L. and Ruscus aculeatus L., which are claimed to be effective for the treatment/prevention of venous insufficiency.