glycosides

Saponins (Sapogenins Glycosides) are a mixture of triterpene and steroid saponins isolated from medicinal plants such as Aesculus hippocastanum L., Hedera helix L. and Ruscus aculeatus L., which are claimed to be effective for the treatment/prevention of venous insufficiency.

Amikacin sulfate is a broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and ototoxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Amikacin disulfate (BAY-416651 sulfate) is a semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from kanamycin A.

Amikacin hydrate (BAY 41-6551 hydrate) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with bacteriostatic activity used in studies of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections and Gram-negative bacterial infections, and is commonly used in the clinic for urinary tract infections caused by E. coli.

Glycoside St-J (Compound 2), a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Anemone flaccida, exhibits antitumor activity by inhibiting HeLa cell proliferation and shows potential for use in the development of novel anticancer agents [1].

Quercetin, a flavonoid natural product, is a SIRT1 activator. It is also a PI3K inhibitor, inhibiting PI3Kγ, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kβ with IC50 values of 2.4, 3.0, and 5.4 μM, respectively. Recognized as a heat shock protein inhibitor, Quercetin can significantly reduce exosome release in TII models by downregulating Hsp70 or Hsp90.

Bleomycin sulfate is a glycopeptide antibiotic with antitumor activity. It is commonly used as a DNA-damaging agent and DNA synthesis inhibitor. It functions by inducing DNA strand breaks without affecting RNA strands. Bleomycin sulfate is widely used in cancer research and for establishing pulmonary fibrosis animal models.

D-mannoheptose is the main non-structural carbohydrate in avocado. D-mannoheptose is a specific inhibitor of D-glucose phosphorylation. D-mannoheptose can prevent the release of insulin and the utilization of carbohydrates in rats.

Ascamycin is a 5'-O-sulfonamide ribonucleoside antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spp. It exhibits selective antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas species, inhibiting Xanthomonas citri, Xanthomonas oryzae, and phage with MIC values of 0.4 μg/mL, 12.5 μg/mL, and 12.5 μg/mL respectively.

DL-Xylose ((±)-Xylos) is a sugar first derived from wood. DL-Xylose is classified as a monosaccharide of the aldopentose type.

Acarbose (BAY g 5421) is a hypoglycemic agent that is an inhibitor of orally active alpha-glucosidase (IC50=11 nM). Acarbose enhances the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas or insulin.

Escin (Aescin) is biosynthesized from protoaescigenin and barringtogenol, occurring in the seeds of Aesculus.

Gluconate Calcium (Gluconic acid hemicalcium salt) is the calcium salt of gluconic acid, used as a calcium replenisher in hypocalcemic states.

Isomaltose (D-Isomaltose) is a reducing disaccharide, similar to maltose, but with an α-(1-6)-linkage instead of the α-(1-4)-linkage.

meso-Erythritol (Phycitol) is a four-carbon sugar that is found in algae, fungi, and lichens. It is twice as sweet as sucrose and can be used as a coronary vasodilator.

Maltose (maltobiose) is a reducing sugar, a disaccharide formed by two glucose units linked via a (1-4) bond. It functions as a carbon source, regulates osmotic pressure, and provides antioxidant properties. Maltose serves as an efficient carbon source for yeast, bacteria, and fungi.

D-(+)-Maltose monohydrate (D-(+)-Maltose monohydrate), a dextrodisaccharide from starch and malt, is used as a fermentable intermediate and sweetening agent in brewing.

Lactose is a disaccharide derived from galactose and glucose that is found in milk.

D-(-)-Arabinose is a reducing sugar useful as a substrate in analysis of arabinose isomerases and synthesis of D-erythroascorbic acid in yeast. It shows strong growth inhibition against the Caenorhabditis elegans with an IC50 of 7.5 mM.

Xylitol (Ribitol) is a five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from XYLOSE by reduction of the carbonyl group. It is as sweet as sucrose and used as a noncariogenic sweetener.

Casanthranol, a concentrated mixture of anthranol glycosides from the dried bark of Rhamnus p. (cascara sagrada), is a stimulant laxative used to alleviate constipation and other medical conditions by increasing muscle contractions in the intestinal wall to facilitate bowel movements.

Diosmin (Venosmine) is a bioflavonoid that strengthens vascular walls.

D-Glucose (Glucopyranose) is a monosaccharide, a natural glucose, a sweetener. D-Glucose is the main functional substance of living organisms, and is used as a nutrient in medicine, with diuretic, detoxification and cardiotonic effects.

Teicoplanin (MDL-507) is a semisynthetic glycopeptide antibiotic, used to treat Gram-positive bacteria.