MitoSOX Red is a fluorescent dye serving as a mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe for superoxide, with cell membrane permeability and specificity. Upon oxidation, MitoSOX Red subsequently binds to nucleic acids within mitochondria/nuclei, producing intense red fluorescence, and is employed for detecting mitochondrial superoxide in live cells.

2-NBDG is a fluorescent indicator for direct glucose uptake measurement. It is an indicator of cell viability.

FITC-Dextran (MW 4000) is a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran fluorescent probe (Ex=495 nm; Em=525 nm) that combines the biocompatibility and hydrophilicity of dextran with the green fluorescence properties of FITC. FITC-Dextran (MW 4000) serves as a marker to reveal heat shock-induced cellular damage and investigate early and late stages of apoptosis. It is also applicable for studies on cellular permeability, such as blood-brain barrier permeability and assessment of blood-brain barrier disruption.

PKH 26 is a red-fluorescent membrane dye, Ex/Em=551/567 nm.PKH 26 is commonly used in flow cytometry to measure T cell-mediated cytotoxic activity.

BODIPY 493/503 (Pyrromethene 546) is a lipophilic fluorescent probe with Ex/Em of 493/503 nm. BODIPY 493/503 localizes to polar lipids and can be used to label cellular neutral lipid contents and for live and fixed cell applications.

Propidium Iodide (PI) is a red fluorescent dye utilized for cell staining and is suitable for fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and fluorometer analysis. In aqueous solution, the Ex/Em of PI is 493/636 nm. Upon binding with nucleic acid, the Ex/Em shifts to 535/617 nm, enhancing the fluorescence signal 20-30 times.

H2DCFDA (DCFH-DA) belongs to the class of green fluorescent dyes and is a probe for the detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Ex/Em=488/525 nm) with cell membrane permeability.

Cyanine3 NHS Ester Chloride is an amine-reactive orange-red fluorescent dye and the NHS ester derivative of Cyanine3, supplied as a chloride salt. Its N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester reacts efficiently with primary amines on proteins, antibodies, or other biomolecules under neutral to slightly basic conditions, forming stable amide bonds. This dye is widely used for cellular labeling, flow cytometry, and biomolecular staining studies.

ER-Tracker Green (ERTG) is a cell permeable live cell stain for live cell imaging.ER-Tracker Green has an excitation wavelength of 504 nm and an emission wavelength of 511 nm.

Dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123) is a fluorescent probe specific for intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) (λex=488 nm, λem=525 nm), exhibiting high permeability to cell membranes and fluorescence activation upon oxidation. Dihydrorhodamine 123 is a classic tool for detecting cellular oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and antioxidant screening.

Nile Red ((Nile Blue A oxazone)) is a lipophilic, environment-sensitive fluorescent dye. Highly hydrophobic, with fluorescence significantly enhanced in lipid-rich environments. Commonly used for specific staining of intracellular lipid droplets, with excitation/emission wavelengths of 559/635 nm.

FITC is a green fluorescein derivative. FITC is commonly used to label biomolecules such as antibodies, proteins, and nucleic acids. It can serve as a fluorescent probe for detecting cell viability, apoptosis, and other cellular processes. FITC has a maximum excitation wavelength of 494 nm and emits yellow-green fluorescence at its maximum emission wavelength of 520 nm.

DiI (DiIC18(3)) is a lipophilic membrane dye commonly used as a long-term tracer for neurons and other cells. DiI fluoresces very weakly before it enters the cell membrane, and only after it enters the cell membrane can it be excited to emit a strong orange-red fluorescence (λex=549 nm, λem=565 nm).

C12FDG (5-Dodecanoylaminofluorescein di-beta-D-Galactopyranoside) is used as a lipophilic green fluorescent substrate for detecting beta-galactose activity, a green fluorescent substrate, is a senescence marker and is often used in conjunction with flow cytometry.

Py-BODIPY-NHS ester is a small molecular dye with strong UV absorption that can be used to label living cells and immobilise cells.

Rhodamine 123 is a fluorescent dye (λex=503 nm, λem=527 nm).

FITC-Dextran (MW 60,000-76,000) is a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran fluorescent probe that is commonly used as a tracer molecule to label and track the action of cells or other biomaterials on semipermeable membranes.

5(6)-FAM SE (5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein N-hydroxysuccinimide ester) is an amine-reactive green fluorescent dye. 5(6)-FAM SE is widely used for labeling proteins or other molecules that contain a primary or secondary aliphatic amine.

DiBAC4(3) is a voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye (λem=505 nm, λex=490 nm).

BCECF is a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye and a cytosolic pH indicator. It can be used for detecting intracellular pH levels.

Fluorescein-5-maleimide (N-(5-Fluoresceinyl)maleimide) is a fluorescent thiol-reactive dye (excitation: 494 nm, emission: 519 nm).

MitoSOX Red TFA (Mito-hydroethidine TFA) is a fluorescent probe that specifically targets mitochondria in living cells.MitoSOX Red is susceptible to oxidation by superoxide, but is not easily oxidized by other ROS or RNS-generating systems.MitoSOX Red acts as a fluorescent indicator and can be used for live cell imaging.

Octadecyl Rhodamine B chloride, also known as RBOE, is a polarity-sensitive dye that is often used as a chromophore with other compounds to stain cell membranes and has applications in the assembly of organic molecules, in membrane structures and in the transfer of electron energy in the structural domains of proteins.

Calcein-AM (Calcein acetoxymethyl ester) is a cell-permeable green fluorescent probe commonly used for assessing eukaryotic cell viability or mitochondrial permeability transition pore, with no fluorescence itself. After hydrolysis, it emits green fluorescence with excitation/emission wavelengths: 494/515 nm.