weak

Alanine is a nonessential amino acid made in the body from the conversion of the carbohydrate pyruvate or the breakdown of DNA and the dipeptides carnosine and anserine. D-Alanine ((R)-Alanine) is a weak GlyR (inhibitory glycine receptor) and PMBA agonist, with an EC50 of 9 mM for GlyR.

Compound 11, labeled as a weak Hepatoprotective agent-1, is a naturally occurring substance extracted from the fruits of Arctium lappa L. It demonstrates modest hepatoprotective effects when applied at a concentration of 10 μM [1].

Acetaminophen (APAP) is a COX inhibitor that inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 (IC50=113.7/25.8 μM). Acetaminophen has antipyretic and analgesic activity as well as weak anti-inflammatory activity.

Diosmetin (Luteolin 4-methyl ether) has been found to act as a weak TrkB receptor agonist.

Ascaridole (NSC-406266) acts as an anthelmintic compound that repels parasitic helminths (worms) in humans and plants and has weak antimalarial activity.

Nobiletin (Hexamethoxyflavone) is a natural polymethoxylated flavone isolated from citrus peels with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. Nobiletin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa).

Pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde is a weak tyrosinase inhibitor that can be used in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis.

Acetoacetic acid lithium salt (Lithium 3-Oxobutyrate) is a weak organic acid that can be produced in the human liver under certain conditions of poor Metabolism leading to excessive fatty acid breakdown (diabetes mellitus leading to diabetic ketoacidosis).

Citric acid (Citro) is a weak organic tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is a food additive and a natural preservative.

(-)-(S)-Equol (4',7-Dihydroxyisoflavan) is an orally bioavailable, non-steroidal estrogen naturally produced by the metabolism of the isoflavonoid daidzein by human intestinal microflora, with potential chemoprotective and estrogen receptor (ER) modulating activities. S-equol preferentially binds to and activates the beta isoform of ER in certain target tissues, while having an antagonistic effect in other tissues. This modulates the expression of ER-responsive genes in a tissue-specific manner. This agent may increase bone mineral density, affect vasomotor symptoms, and may decrease the proliferation rate of susceptible cancer cells. In addition, this agent interferes with the activity of enzymes involved in steroid biosynthesis. S-equol inhibits dihydrotestosterone (DHT) production and may inhibit the proliferation of androgen-driven prostate cancer. S-equol is the biologically active enantiomer while R-equol is essentially inactive and has a weak affinity for alpha-ER.

1H-Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3-Formylindole), also known as 3-formylindole or 3-indolealdehyde, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as indoles. Indoles are compounds containing an indole moiety, which consists of pyrrole ring fused to benzene to form 2,3-benzopyrrole. 1H-Indole-3-carboxaldehyde is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, 1H-Indole-3-carboxaldehyde has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as gram beans, brussel sprouts, cucumbers, cereals and cereal products, and white cabbages. This could make 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. A heteroarenecarbaldehyde that is indole in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a formyl group.

2-Octanone inhibits fatty acid synthase in rats and exhibits weak inhibitory activity against phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, and is widely used in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.

Delta-Nonalactone exhibits weak agonistic activity against TRPV1 and can be used for metabolic research, and is widely used in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.

7-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanal has extremely weak agonist activity against TRPM8 (EC50 = 1960 µM) and can be used in related research in the field of life sciences.

Tropolone, a metal chelator, possesses weak antioxidative and radical-scavenging properties and shows a strong affinity for ferric ion

11-Oxomogroside IIa is a cucurbitane glycoside extracted from the fruits of Siraitia grosVenorii. It has inhibitory effects against the EBV-EA activation induced by TPA, shows weak inhibitory effects on activation of NOR 1, a nitric oxide (NO) donor.

Obscurolide A1 is a butenolide isolated from Streptomyces viridochromogenes cultures that shows weak inhibitory activity against Ca2+/CaM-dependent and non-Ca2+/CaM-dependent phosphodiesterases in cattle.

γ-Linolenic Acid methyl ester (Methyl gamma-linolenate) is a weak leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist.

Mesembrine is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor and is also a weak inhibitor of the enzyme phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4).

Morin (Calico Yellow) was found to be a weak inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (IC50: 2.33 μM). Morin is a yellow color substance that can be isolated from Maclura pomifera (Osage orange), Maclura tinctoria (old fustic) and from leaves of Psidium guajava (common guava).

Corydine is the adrenolytic and weak cholinergic agent, it shows antimicrobial, and antineoplastic activities. Corydine shows irritant and respiratory stimulant and CNS depressant activities. Injected intravenously in rabbits corydine produced an initial

Terpendole I is a fungal metabolite that has been found in A. yamanashiensis.1 It is a weak inhibitor of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT; IC50 = 145 μM) and is active against the bacteria B. cereus and B. subtilis (MICs = 100 μg/ml for both) but not S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, or K. pneumoniae (MICs = >200 μg/ml for all) or the fungus C. albicans (MIC = 200 μg/ml).1,2 It is cytotoxic to HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 52.6 μM.3 |1. Tomoda, H., Tabata, N., Yang, D.-J., et al. Terpendoles, novel ACAT inhibitors produced by Albophoma yamanashiensis. III. Production, isolation and structure elucidation of new components. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 48(8), 793-804 (1995).|2. Zhao, J.-C., Wang, Y.-L., Zhang, T.-Y., et al. Indole diterpenoids from the endophytic fungus Drechmeria sp. as natural antimicrobial agents. Phytochemistry 148, 21-28 (2018).|3. Nagumo, Y., Motoyama, T., Hayashi, T., et al. Structure-activity relationships of terpendole E and its natural derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2(4), 1533-1536 (2017).

8-Epideoxyloganic acid possesses bioactivities of analgesia, homeostasis and anti-inflammatory. It has the potential to serve as anti-inflammatory agents during oxidative stress, the inhibition of ROS production, possibly through modulation of NOX activit

2,4,6-Trichlorol-3-methyl-5-methoxy-phenol 1-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranoside is a chlorophenyl glycoside commonly found in the bulbs of [Lilium brownie var. viridulum], exhibiting weak inhibition of NO production in LPS-stimulated [RAW 264.7] cells.