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Ruthenium Red (Ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride) is a polycationic dye widely used for electron microscopy (EM) of cells, tissues and vegetative bacteria. Ruthenium red strongly reacts with phospholipids and fatty acids and binds to acidic mucopolysaccharides. Ruthenium red is a L-type calcium current (ICa) blocker, blocks Ca2+ uptake and release, and voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels

Coelenterazine h is a dehydroxy derivative of natural coelenterazine and serves as a luminescent substrate for RLuc8. Coelenterazine h is Ca²⁺-sensitive, making it an effective tool for measuring minute changes in Ca²⁺ concentration. Coelenterazine h is widely used in cell biology, molecular biology, drug discovery, and in vivo imaging.

Msr-Ratio (Msr-green) (Msr-green) is a ratiometric fluorescent probe specifically designed for the detection of methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSR) activity. It has an excitation wavelength of 375 nm and an emission wavelength of 550 nm. This probe offers the ability to monitor the enzyme activity both in vitro and in live cells, making it a valuable tool for studying MSR function.

ABTS diammonium salt (AzBTS-(NH₄)₂) is a substrate for horseradish peroxidase (HRP). ABTS diammonium salt is a water-soluble redox chromogenic probe that, upon oxidation, generates a stable blue-green cationic radical (ABTS⁺·). It exhibits characteristic absorption peaks at 405 nm, 414 nm, 645 nm, and 734 nm (with 734 nm commonly used as the detection wavelength) and serves as a classic tool for assessing antioxidant activity, peroxidase activity, and free radical scavenging capacity.

D-Luciferin Sodium is a specific natural substrate for firefly luciferase that catalyzes the production of characteristic yellow-green light in bioluminescent insects. It serves as a core tool for in vivo imaging, cell-level reporter gene detection, and analysis of luciferase activity in tissues and living organisms. The luciferase (luc) gene is a commonly used reporter gene for research and active molecule screening. Chemiluminescence technology is essentially background-free, making the luc reporter gene an ideal choice for detecting low levels of gene expression. Luciferase activity as low as 0.02 pg can be reliably measured in a standard fluorometer.

Cy5.5-SE TEA (442912-55-2 free base) is a water-soluble near-infrared cyanine dye(Ex/Em=680/710 nm) that features ultra-long near-infrared emission, high tissue penetration, low background fluorescence, and biocompatibility. Cy5.5-SE TEA (442912-55-2 free base) can be used for tumor-targeted imaging and vascular imaging, serving as a tool molecule for in vivo imaging and deep tissue analysis. Cy5.5-SE TEA (442912-55-2 free base) can also be used to prepare Cy5.5-labeled antibodies.

Dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123) is a fluorescent probe specific for intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) (λex=488 nm, λem=525 nm), exhibiting high permeability to cell membranes and fluorescence activation upon oxidation. Dihydrorhodamine 123 is a classic tool for detecting cellular oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and antioxidant screening.

DQ-BSA-RED is a red-fluorescently labeled bovine serum albumin derivative specifically designed for monitoring lysosomal proteolytic activity. DQ-BSA-RED can be used for live-cell imaging or for observation following formaldehyde fixation. DQ-BSA-RED exhibits excitation and emission maxima at 590 nm and 620 nm, respectively, and contains multiple dye moieties resulting in fluorescence self-quenching until proteolytic cleavage occurs within lysosomes, upon which bright fluorescence is emitted. DQ-BSA-RED therefore enables the visualization and quantification of lysosomal functionality in live-cell assays, while inactive lysosomes fail to generate fluorescence, providing a valuable tool for studying autophagy and intracellular degradation processes.

Wheat germ agglutinin-AF350 (WGA-AF350) is a plant lectin conjugated with the fluorescent dye AF350, utilized for identifying carbohydrate chains. It serves as a tool for assessing abnormal glycosylation levels in vivo. The specific glycosylation detection sites of Wheat germ agglutinin are bis-GlcNAc and SA.

BP Fluor 594 NHS ester is a widely used tool for modifying proteins or antibodies through the labeling of primary amines (Lys), amine-modified oligonucleotides, and other amine-containing biomolecules. The labeling process is optimal at pH 7-9, forming stable covalent amide bonds. BP Fluor 594 dye supports high molar ratio protein labeling with negligible self-quenching, resulting in brighter conjugates and more sensitive detection. BP Fluor 594 is a bright, water-soluble, pH-insensitive red fluorescent dye effective across a pH range of 4 to 10, with absorption and emission peaks at 590 and 617 nm, respectively. It is compatible with 561 nm and 594 nm laser lines. BP Fluor 594 can bind to various antibodies, peptides, proteins, tracers, and amplification substrates, and it is commonly used to generate stable signals in imaging and flow cytometry.

BP Fluor 488 Azide is a versatile dye. This dye serves as a crucial tool in biological experiments, aiding researchers in observing and analyzing cellular structures, tracking biomolecules, assessing cellular functions, distinguishing cell types, detecting biomolecules, studying tissue pathology, and monitoring microorganisms. Its applications span from basic scientific research to clinical diagnostics. Additionally, dyes like BP Fluor 488 Azide are widely used in traditional areas such as textile dyeing and emerging fields including functional textile processing, food coloring, and dye-sensitized solar cells.

(γ-AmNS)UTP (trisodium) is a fluorescent derivative of UTP utilized for monitoring RNA polymerase activity. Upon RNA incorporation, UMP releases γ-AmNS-PPi, which exhibits higher intrinsic fluorescence than (γ-AmNS)UTP. Additionally, (γ-AmNS)UTP (trisodium) serves as a tool in the research of antimicrobial and antitubercular agents.

HCy-AAN-Bio is a tumor-targeting hemicyanine (HCy) probe designed for in vivo fluorescence/photoacoustic (FL/PA) imaging of legumain. It is specifically cleaved by legumain, generating FL/PA signals. HCy-AAN-Bio shows promise as a powerful tool for the early diagnosis of related cancers.

Biotin TSA (200×) (Biotin Tyramide) is a biotin derivative utilized for tyramide signal amplification in immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization experiments. It serves as an important tool in research focused on enhancing tyramide signal amplification.

6 TMR Tre is a versatile dye that serves as an essential tool in biological experiments. It aids researchers in visualizing and analyzing cell structures, tracking biomolecules, assessing cellular functions, differentiating cell types, detecting biomolecules, studying tissue pathology, and monitoring microorganisms. Its applications range from basic scientific research to clinical diagnostics. Additionally, dyes like this one are widely used in traditional fields such as textile dyeing, as well as in emerging areas like the treatment of functional textiles, food coloring, and dye-sensitized solar cells.

Phalloidin-f-HM-SiR is a versatile dye. It serves as an essential tool in biological experiments, aiding researchers in observing and analyzing cellular structures, tracking biomolecules, assessing cellular functions, distinguishing cell types, detecting biomolecules, studying tissue pathology, and monitoring microorganisms. Its applications span a wide range of fields from basic scientific research to clinical diagnostics. Moreover, dyes are used extensively in traditional domains such as textile dyeing, as well as in emerging areas like functional textile processing, food colorants, and dye-sensitized solar cells.

AF488 NHS ester diTEA is a versatile dye widely used in biological research as a crucial tool. It enables researchers to observe and analyze cellular structures, track biomolecules, assess cell functions, differentiate cell types, detect biomolecules, study tissue pathology, and monitor microorganisms. Its applications span from basic scientific research to clinical diagnostics. Additionally, dyes have extensive uses in traditional fields such as textile dyeing and emerging areas like functional textile processing, food coloring, and dye-sensitized solar cells. AF488 has an emission wavelength (λem) of 520 nm and an excitation wavelength (λex) of 470 nm.

6-HoeHESIR is a versatile dye utilized as an essential tool in biological experiments. It aids researchers in observing and analyzing cell structures, tracking biomolecules, evaluating cell functions, distinguishing cell types, detecting biomolecules, studying tissue pathology, and monitoring microorganisms. Its applications span a wide range from basic scientific research to clinical diagnostics. Additionally, dyes have extensive uses in traditional areas such as textile coloring, as well as emerging fields like functional textile processing, food coloring, and dye-sensitized solar cells.

Photoacoustic contrast agent-2 (acetate) is a versatile dye that serves as an essential tool in biological experiments. It aids researchers in observing and analyzing cell structures, tracking biomolecules, assessing cellular functions, differentiating cell types, detecting biomolecules, studying tissue pathology, and monitoring microorganisms. Its applications range from fundamental scientific research to clinical diagnostics, as well as traditional fields like textile dyeing and emerging areas such as functional textile treatment, food coloring, and dye-sensitized solar cells.

SERTlight is a fluorescent probe that specifically labels the soma, dendrites and axonal projection structures of serotonergic neurons corresponding to serotonin transporter (SERT) fluorescent substrates. It is compatible with multiple genetically encoded probes in optical properties, pharmacological effects and experimental operations, enabling multi-channel combined imaging. With SERTlight, GRAB₅HT probes can be used to label distal 5-hydroxytryptamine axonal projections and image endogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine release simultaneously, providing a novel multifunctional molecular tool for the research of the serotonergic nervous system.

Prostaglandin F2α-biotin (PGF2α-biotin) is a biotin-labeled form of Prostaglandin F2α. It serves as a valuable tool for studying the mechanism of action of prostaglandins. Additionally, Prostaglandin F2α-biotin can be detected in the ethanol extract of Hawm Gra Dang Ngah rice.

12-NBD Stearate is a fluorescent fatty acid analog. It can bind to fatty acid binding proteins (FABP) and sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP-2). The overexpression of the 15 kDa isoform of SCP-2 enhances the transport of 12-NBD Stearate. This compound serves as a tool for studying the uptake and internalization of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) at a microscopic level.

Vari Fluor 555-Streptavidin is a dye from the Vari Fluor series, designed by labeling streptavidin with fluorescent probes. Streptavidin is a tetrameric protein with high affinity, comprised of four identical subunits, and it can specifically bind to biotin through reversible non-covalent interactions. This property allows streptavidin to enable the rapid and efficient detection of biotin-labeled molecules, making it a valuable tool in experiments such as immunofluorescence (IF), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), immunohistochemical staining (IFH), and in situ hybridization. The excitation/emission wavelengths are 555 nm/565 nm.

DMN-Tre is a fluorescent dye utilized as a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis. It selectively labels the cell wall of mycobacteria through the action of the Ag85 enzyme. DMN-Tre is also applicable in infection studies.