hydrolysis

Alkaline Phosphatase is an ubiquitous membrane-bound glycoprotein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters at basic pH values.

Dimethylamine hydrochloride (N,N-Dimethylamine) is abundantly present in human urine. Main sources of urinary dimethylamine have been reported to include trimethylamine N-oxide, a common food component, and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. ADMA is excreted in the urine in part unmetabolized and in part after hydrolysis to dimethylamine by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH).

D-Asparagine (H-D-Asn-OH) serves as a nitrogen source for yeast strains and acts as a competitive inhibitor of L-Asparagine hydrolysis with a Ki of 0.24 mM.

α-Amylase, a hydrolase enzyme, catalyzes the hydrolysis of internal α-1,4-glycosidic linkages in starch, producing glucose and maltose.

Astramembrangenin (Cycloastragenol (Astramembrangenin)) is a triterpenoid saponin compound and a hydrolysis product of the main active ingredient in Astragalus membranaceus. Cycloastragenol (CAG) may have a novel therapeutic role in depression

Cellulase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of certain linkages in cellulose.

2-Hydroxyoctanoic acid is a medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase inhibitor (Ki:500 μM). 3-Hydroxymandelic acid is a protein hydrolysis product of larger proteins.

Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) is the hydrochloride salt form of thiamine, a vitamin essential for aerobic metabolism, cell growth, transmission of nerve impulses and acetylcholine synthesis. Upon hydrolysis, Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) is phosphorylated by thiamine diphosphokinase to form active thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), also known as cocarboxylase. TPP is a coenzyme for many enzymatic activities involving fatty acid, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism.

Histidine (abbreviated as His or H) is an alpha-amino acid. The L-isomer is one of the 22 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins. It is classified as a charged, polar because of the hydrophilic nature of the imidazole side chain.

Naringinase is a hydrolytic enzymatic complex that exhibits α-L-rhamnosidase and β-D-glucosidase activities. It is widely found in nature and is primarily utilized for the biotransformation of steroids, antibiotics, and glycosides.

Amylase (Diastase) is any one of a group of enzymes which catalyses the breakdown of starch into maltose.

Aureusimine B, also known as phevalin, is a natural pyrazinone produced by certain fungi and by Staphylococcus spp., including S. aureus. Its synthesis appears to be initiated by a conserved nonribosomal peptide synthetase that creates a dipeptide (phenylalanine-valine) aldehyde, which then undergoes cyclization and oxidation. Aureusimine B inhibits calpain in a casein hydrolysis assay (IC50 = 1.3 μM), contributes to S. aureus infection in mice, and alters human keratinocyte gene expression.

β-Galactosidase (GAL) is a glycoside hydrolase that hydrolyzes the β-glycosidic bond formed between galactose and its organic part, and naturally catalyzes the hydrolysis of the galactosidic bond in oligosaccharides and disaccharides for the degradation of lactose and the production of low-lactose and lactose-free lactose products that are beneficial to lactose intolerant patients.

23-Aldehyde-16-O-angeloybarringtogenol C (compound 7) is an acid hydrolysis product obtained through oxidative alkaline degradation of camellia seed saponins, which exhibit potential quinone oxidoreductase inducing activity.

5-aminovalerate (or 5-aminopentanoic acid) is a lysine degradation product. It can be produced both endogenously or through bacterial catabolism of lysine. 5-aminovalerate is formed via the following multi-step reaction: L-lysine leads to cadverine leads

D-(+)-Cellotetraose, also known as Cellotetraose, is a primary hydrolysis product of cellulose [1].

Fallaxsaponin A is isolated from the alkaline hydrolysis products of total saponins in Radix Palygalae.

(-)-Verrucarol is a monocyclic trichothecene sesquiterpene and a hydrolysis product of natural Verrucarin A. It is utilized for cancer research.

β-D-Fructose (beta-D-fructofuranose) is used as a sweetness enhancer and is produced by the hydrolysis of sucrose.

Uralsaponin D displayed the inhibition on the growth of cancer cells with IC50 at 18.3-41.6 μmol/L, it could significantly increase the cytotoxic activity after hydrolysis.

N,N'-Diacetylchitobiose, a dimer of β(1,4) linked N-acetyl-D glucosamine, is derived from the hydrolysis of chitin. This compound serves as an alternative carbon source for E. coli.

Hydrolyzed Fumonisin B1 is the backbone and the main hydrolysis product of the mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1), can weakly inhibit ceramide synthase.

Cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside chloride has antioxidant activity. Cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside inhibits hyperbaric pressure-induced GLAST decrease and can be used in glaucoma studies. Cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside chloride is easily degraded by hydrolysis and or

Isosteviol ((-)-Isosteviol), a common natural sweetener, belongs to tetracyclic diterpene glycosides. The pharmacology researches have suggested that stevioside and its hydrolysis products, steviol, isosteviol and steviolbioside, have many biological activities, such as reducing blood glucose, lowering blood pressure, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-diarrhea, antibacterium, immunoregulation, etc.