nucleoside antimetabolite/analog

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a uracil analog and inhibitor of DNA synthesis, exhibiting antitumor activity by affecting pyrimidine synthesis through thymidylate synthase inhibition; it induces apoptosis and autophagy.

Gemcitabine (LY188011) is a synthetic cytosine nucleoside derivative and an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Gemcitabine has antitumor and antimetabolic activities. Gemcitabine induces autophagy and apoptosis.

Decitabine (Deoxycytidine) is a deoxycytidine analog, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor with oral activity. Decitabine has antitumor activity and antimetabolic activity. Decitabine induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

Fludarabine (Fludarabinum) is a fluorinated purine analog, an inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis and an inhibitor of STAT1 activation. Fludarabine has antitumor activity and can be used for the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma.

Rabacfosadine (GS-9219) is a novel dual pre-drug of the acyclic nucleotide phosphonate PMEG to tumor lymphocytes for the study of lymphoma.

5-Azacytidine (Ladakamycin) is a cytidine nucleoside analog, a DNA methylation inhibitor with specificity. 5-Azacytidine regulates gene expression by decreasing the level of DNA methylation. 5-Azacytidine induces autophagy and has antitumor activity.

Dacarbazine (DTIC-Dome) is an antineoplastic agent. It has significant activity against melanomas.

Cytarabine (Ara-C) is a nucleoside analog, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis (IC50=16 nM). Cytarabine inhibits DNA polymerase and induces cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis. Cytarabine has antitumor activity.

Gemcitabine hydrochloride (LY 188011 hydrochloride) is a synthetic cytosine nucleoside derivative and an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Gemcitabine has antitumor and antimetabolic activities. Gemcitabine induces autophagy and apoptosis.

5-BrdU (Broxuridine) , a nucleoside analog, are used in the detection of proliferating cells and competes with thymidine for incorporation into DNA.

Capecitabine (Capecitibine) is a fluoropyrimidine carbamate belonging to the class of antineoplastic agents called antimetabolites. As a prodrug, capecitabine is selectively activated by tumor cells to its cytotoxic moiety, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); subsequently, 5-FU is metabolized to two active metabolites, 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) and 5-fluorouridine triphosphate (FUTP) by both tumor cells and normal cells. FdUMP inhibits DNA synthesis and cell division by reducing normal thymidine production, while FUTP inhibits RNA and protein synthesis by competing with uridine triphosphate for incorporation into the RNA strand.

Adenosine (D-Adenosine) is a natural product, a ribonucleoside consisting of adenine bound to ribose. Adenosine has vasodilatory, antiarrhythmic and analgesic effects.

(S)-GNA-T-phosphoramidite is a nucleoside analog commonly used in the synthesis of other active compounds.

Nelarabine (GW 506U78) is a purine nucleoside analog and DNA synthesis inhibitor with IC50 from 0.067-2.15 μM in tumor cells.

S-Gem, a thioredoxin reductase (TrxR)-dependent prodrug of Gemcitabine, is selectively activated by TrxR. Studies indicate that S-Gem exhibits lower cytotoxicity than Gemcitabine [1].

Homouridine, an analogue of uridine, functions as an intermediate in the synthesis of MMP-2 inhibitor (compound I, IC50 = 150 μM). Moreover, the derivative of homouridine (compound I) inhibits the interaction of TNF-α with its receptor, TNF-αR1 [1].

2'-O-(2-azidoethyl)adenosine is a purine nucleoside analog with potential antitumor activity. The activity of 2'-O-(2-azidoethyl)adenosine was associated with inhibition of DNA synthesis and apoptosis.

N6-Bz-5'-O-DMTr-3'-deoxyadenosine-2'-O-CED-phosphoramidite, an adenine nucleoside analog, has potential vasodilator and anticancer activities relevant to cancer research.

2'-Deoxy-N4-methylcytidine (N(3)-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine) is a purine nucleoside analog with potential antitumor activity for the study of apoptosis.

Dihydro-5-azacytidine acetate (DHAC), a nucleoside analog, integrates into DNA to inhibit DNA methylation and exhibits antitumor activity [1] [2].

ddUTP (lithium), at a concentration of 100mM in H20, serves as a nucleotide analog capable of being integrated into DNA, RNA, or other nucleic acids. It is applicable in DNA RNA hybridization experiments including Southern and Northern blots.

5-(Methoxycarbonyl)methyluridine, a uracil derivative, is an important modifying nucleotide in the anticodon loop of yeast tRNAs, allowing tRNAs to be correctly pre-structured and bind to codons on mRNAs, and the lack of the mcm5U modification (e.g., in elp3 mutant strains) leads to increased protein aggregation.

Uridine triphosphate 13C9,15N2 sodium is an isotopically labeled Uridine triphosphate sodium that can be used for isotope tracing.Uridine triphosphate (UTP) is a key in RNA synthesis molecule that serves as a substrate for RNA polymerase during transcription.

N1-Methylpseudouridine-5'-triphosphate is a modified nucleotide derivative commonly used to explore RNA modification, synthesis, and function, and can replace UTP in synthesis thereby improving RNA stability and reducing immunogenicity.