mutations

K-Ras-IN-1, a K-Ras inhibitor, is characterized by its chemical formula C20H19ClN4O2S and is also known as N-[(1S)-3-cyclopropyl-1-[(6-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]-2-oxo-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl]-4-fluorobenzenesulfonamide (compound [18, dashboard 819041] in brackets).

Taletrectinib (AB-106) is a new-generation selective inhibitor of ROS1/NTRK including ROS1,NTRK1,NTRK2 and NTRK3 with IC50 of 0.207 nM,0.622 nM,2.28 nM and 0.980 nM, respectively.

Pirtobrutinib (LOXO-305) is an advanced BTK inhibitor that displays high selectivity and operates through a non-covalent mechanism. This compound effectively inhibits various BTK C481 substitution mutations, leading to tumor regression in BTK-dependent lymphoma tumors in mouse xenograft models. Furthermore, Pirtobrutinib exhibits remarkable selectivity for BTK, with more than a 300-fold difference compared to 370 other kinases tested. Notably, at a concentration of 1 μM, Pirtobrutinib demonstrates no significant inhibition of non-kinase off-targets.

Ibiglustat (GZ402671) is a potent and selective Glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor and ceramide glucosyltransferase inhibitor. Ibiglustat blocks the formation of glucosylceramide (GL-1), a key intermediate in the synthesis of GL-3. Ibiglustat is potentially useful for treating Fabry disease. Fabry disease is a rare lysosomal storage disorder, which results in abnormal tissue deposits of a particular fatty substance called globotriaosylceramide (GL-3 or Gb3) throughout the body.

Almonertinib (HS-10296) is an inhibitor specifically targeting EGFR activation mutations and the resistant EGFR T790M mutation, exhibiting limited activity against wild-type EGFR.

Almonertinib hydrochloride (HS-10296 hydrochloride) is a small molecule inhibitor of EGFR-activating mutations and T790M-resistant mutation with limited activity against wild-type EGFR.

Bafetinib (INNO-406) (INNO-406) is an effective and specific dual Bcr-Abl/Lyn inhibitor (IC50: 5.8/19 nM), and no inhibition of the phosphorylation of the T315I mutant and less effective to c-Kit and PDGFR.

M4205 is an inhibitor of c-Kit exhibiting high activity on c-Kit mutations in exons 11, 13, 17.

Gefitinib (ZD1839) is an EGFR first-generation inhibitor with oral activity that inhibits the EGFR 19 Del and L858R mutations. Gefitinib has antitumor activity and is used for the treatment of EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancers. Gefitinib administration RESULTS in the development of the EGFR C797S resistance mutation.

Erastin is an iron death activator that acts on the mitochondrial VDAC in a ROS- and iron-dependent manner. Erastin has anti-tumor activity and acts selectively on tumor cells with RAS-carcinogenic mutations.

RMC-7977 is a highly selective inhibitor of the active (GTP-bound) forms of KRAS, HRAS, and NRAS with anticancer activity for the study of solid tumors with KRAS G12C mutations.

Prexasertib (LY2606368) is a selective checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) inhibitor (Ki 0.9 nM, IC50<1 nM). Prexasertib causes double-stranded DNA breaks and replication mutations, leading to apoptosis. Prexasertib has antitumor activity.

Merodantoin is an apoptosis inducer and triggers cell apoptosis associated with ROS-dependent autophagy. Merodantoin targets cancer cells expressing KRAS mutations involved in Akt-dependent ROS production.

Orphenadrine is a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that inhibits clonal HERG channels in a concentration-dependent manner, producing an IC of 0.85 μM in HEK cells.Orphenadrine is an antagonist of central and peripheral muscarinic receptors. Attenuation is blocked by mutations in pore residues Y652 or F656. Orphenadrine has antispasmodic, analgesic, and anticholinergic activity and protects against glutamatergic neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo.Orphenadrine has inhibitory effects on sodium channels and can be used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

BI-4732 is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with high blood-brain barrier permeability, antitumor activity, inhibition of EGFR activation, and inhibition of T790M mutations.

Erlotinib (NSC-718781) is an EGFR inhibitor (IC50: 2 nM). It is used for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

Chlorambucil (CB-1348) is an orally-active antineoplastic aromatic nitrogen mustard. Chlorambucil alkylates and cross-links DNA during all phases of the cell cycle, resulting in disruption of DNA function, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis.

Dasatinib monohydrate (BMS-354825 Monohydrate) is an orally bioavailable synthetic small molecule-inhibitor of SRC-family protein-tyrosine kinases. Dasatinib monohydrate binds to and inhibits the growth-promoting activities of these kinases. Apparently, because of its less stringent binding affinity for the BCR-ABL kinase, Dasatinib monohydrate has been shown to overcome the resistance to imatinib of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells harboring BCR-ABL kinase domain point mutations.

Ataluren (PTC124) is a novel, orally administered drug that targets nonsense mutations. Ataluren is approved for use by the European Medicines Agency to treat Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in patients aged 5 years and older who are able to walk.

Tetramethylthiuram monosulfide is widely used as a catalyst in rubber-processing techniques, it possesses a medium-degree toxicity and causes point mutations in strains TA 100 and TA 1535 (Salmonella typhimurium LT 2).

Etravirine (R165335) is a diarylpyrimidine non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Etravirine is designed to be active against HIV isolates with mutations that confer resistance to the two most commonly prescribed first-generation NNRTIs. It can bind the enzyme reverse transcriptase (RT) in multiple conformations, both for native and mutant RT, thereby blocking the enzymatic activity of RT.

4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) is a chemical carcinogen that induces mutations in bacteria, fungi, and animals through the formation of large amounts of purine adducts.

DL-Glyceraldehyde (Glyceric aldehyde) is produced from the action of the enzyme glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase, which converts glycerol to glyceraldehyde using NADP as a cofactor. When present at sufficiently high levels, DL-Glyceraldehyde can be a cytotoxin and a mutagen. A cytotoxin is a compound that kills cells. A mutagen is a compound that causes mutations in DNA. DL-Glyceraldehyde is a highly reactive compound that can modify and cross-link proteins. DL-Glyceraldehyde modified proteins appear to be cytotoxic, depress intracellular glutathione levels, and induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (PMID: 14981296 ). DL-Glyceraldehyde has been shown to cause chromosome damage to human cells in culture and is mutagenic in the Ames bacterial test.

Rineterkib (ERK-IN-1) is an inhibitor of RAF and ERK1 2 activating mutations in the MAPK pathway.