agents

N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide is utilized in the synthesis of copolymers for the targeted delivery of antileishmanial agents in [Visceral leishmaniasis].

Calf thymus DNA (DNA from calf thymus, Thymonucleic acid) is a high-quality double-stranded template DNA extracted from the bovine thymus gland, widely used in studying DNA binding anticancer agents and DNA binding agents that regulate DNA structure and function.

AOH1996 is an orally active ligand for the replicasome component PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), targeting the transcription-replication conflict (TRC). It interferes with the interaction of PCNA with its binding proteins, leading to DNA replication stress and apoptosis. AOH1996 causes proteasome-dependent rpb1 degradation and lethal DNA damage by stabilizing the interaction between PCNA and RNA polymerase II, and acts synergistically with DNA damaging agents to inhibit tumor cell growth.

Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) is a humanized monoclonal antibody inhibiting the PD-1 receptor and the first in the class of agents called the HER2 dimerization inhibitors that impairs the ability of HER2 to bind to other members of the HER family.

4-Methylcinnamic acid is a cinnamic acid analog that can be used as an intervention catalyst to overcome antifungal tolerance. 4-Methylcinnamic acid can improve the potency of cell wall-disrupting agents.

Atazanavir sulfate (BMS-232632 sulfate) is an azapeptide and HIV-protease inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV infections and AIDS in combination with other anti-HIV agents.

Oltipraz (RP 35972) is a synthetic dithiolethione with potential chemopreventive and anti-angiogenic properties. Oltipraz induces phase II detoxification enzymes, such as glutathione S transferase (GST) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). The induction of detoxification enzymes enhances the detoxification of certain cancer-causing agents, thereby enhancing their elimination and preventing carcinogen-induced DNA damages. Although the exact mechanism through which the anti-angiogenesis effect remains to be fully elucidated, oltipraz maybe able to modulate the expression of a number of angiogenic factors, thereby blocking the sustained and focal neovascularization in multiple tumor cell types.

Secnidazole (PM-185184) is a second-generation 5-nitroimidazole antimicrobial that is structurally related to other 5-nitroimidazoles including [DB00916] and [DB00911], but displays improved oral absorption and longer terminal elimination half-life than antimicrobial agents in this class [A27210]. Secnidazole is selective against many anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and protozoa.

Meropenem (SM 7338) is a broad-spectrum carbapenem antibiotic administered intravenously for severe bacterial infections caused by sensitive agents. It commonly causes mild, transient aminotransferase elevations and can rarely lead to clinically apparent cholestatic liver injury.

Oxybenzone is a UV filter commonly used in tanning and skin protection agents. It is a derivative of benzophenone and is used as an endocrine disrupting chemical that penetrates the placental and blood-brain barriers. It impairs autophagy, alters epigenetic status and disrupts vitamin X-like receptor signaling in apoptotic neuronal cells.

2-Methoxynaphthalene (Naphthalene) is served as Odor agents.

A series of N-Phenylbenzylamine (Benzenemethanamine) as potential cytotoxic and antimitotic agents acting by inhibition of tubulin polymerization

Phenothiazine (ENT 38) is a class of agents exhibiting antiemetic, antipsychotic, antihistaminic, and anticholinergic activities. Phenothiazines antagonize the dopamine D2-receptor in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of the brain, potentially preventing chemotherapy-induced emesis.

Ketoprofen (RP-19583) is a propionic acid derivative and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. It inhibits cyclo-oxygenase I and II, decreasing the formation of prostaglandin and thromboxane precursors. This reduction in prostaglandin synthesis, mediated by prostaglandin synthase, is responsible for its therapeutic effects. Additionally, Ketoprofen decreases thromboxane A2 formation via thromboxane synthase, inhibiting platelet aggregation.

Idoxuridine (Dendrid) is an analog of DEOXYURIDINE that inhibits viral DNA synthesis. The drug is used as an antiviral agent.

Ambroxol (NA-872) is a secretolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory diseases associated with viscid or excessive mucus. It is the active ingredient of Mucosolvan, Lasolvan or Mucoangin. The substance is a mucoactive drug with several properties including secretolytic and secretomotoric actions that restore the physiological clearance mechanisms of the respiratory tract which play an important role in the body's natural defense mechanisms. It stimulates synthesis and release of surfactant by type II pneumocytes. Surfactants act as an anti-glue factor by reducing the adhesion of mucus to the bronchial wall, in improving its transport and in providing protection against infection and irritating agents.

Halothane (Anestan) is a nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required.

Acebutolol hydrochloride (Acebutolol HCl) acts as a cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist with little effect on bronchial receptors and has intrinsic sympathomimetic properties. Acebutolol hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of acebutolol, a synthetic butyranilide derivative with hypotensive and antiarrhythmic activity. Having stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, Acebutolol hydrochloride is used in ventricular arrhythmias. Other indications include hypertension, alone or in combinations with other agents.

Zolmitriptan (311C90) selectively binds to and activates serotonin (5-HT) 1B receptors expressed in intracranial arteries and 5-HT 1D receptors located on peripheral trigeminal sensory nerve terminals in the meninges and central terminals in brainstem sensory nuclei. Zolmitriptan is a member of the triptan class of agents with anti-migraine properties. Receptor binding results in constriction of cranial vessels, reduction of vessel pulsation and inhibition of nociceptive transmission, thereby providing relief of migraine headaches. Zolmitriptan may also relieve migraine headaches by inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release.

Pralidoxime Chloride (2-PAM chloride) is a useful agent in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning. Pralidoxime binds to organophosphate-inactivated acetylcholinesterase, used to combat poisoning by organophosphates or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (nerve agents).

Nifedipine (Procardia) is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocking agent. Nifedipine inhibits the transmembrane influx of extracellular calcium ions into myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells, causing dilatation of the main coronary and systemic arteries and decreasing myocardial contractility. This agent also inhibits the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein which is overexpressed in some multi-drug resistant tumors and may improve the efficacy of some antineoplastic agents.

Cisapride (R 51619) is a serotonin type 4 (5-HT4) receptor agonists are potent prokinetic agents that act on serotonin receptors in the intestine and promote intestinal peristalsis, increase gastric emptying and decrease esophageal reflux.

Capecitabine (Capecitibine) is a fluoropyrimidine carbamate belonging to the class of antineoplastic agents called antimetabolites. As a prodrug, capecitabine is selectively activated by tumor cells to its cytotoxic moiety, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); subsequently, 5-FU is metabolized to two active metabolites, 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) and 5-fluorouridine triphosphate (FUTP) by both tumor cells and normal cells. FdUMP inhibits DNA synthesis and cell division by reducing normal thymidine production, while FUTP inhibits RNA and protein synthesis by competing with uridine triphosphate for incorporation into the RNA strand.

Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (Uromitexan) is a sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from antineoplastic agents, such as ifosfamide or cyclophosphamide.