leucine

L-Leucine ((S)-Leucine) is one of nine essential amino acids in humans (provided by food), L-Leucine is important for protein synthesis and many metabolic functions. L-Leucine contributes to regulation of blood-sugar levels; growth and repair of muscle and bone tissue; growth hormone production; and wound healing. L-Leucine also prevents breakdown of muscle proteins after trauma or severe stress and may be beneficial for individuals with phenylketonuria. L-Leucine is available in many foods and deficiency is rare.

(±)-Leucine (DL-2-Aminmo-4-methylvalerianic acid) can be found in Green bell peppers, Green zucchinis, Italian sweet red peppers, and Red bell peppers.

D-Leucine ((R)-Leucine) potently terminates seizures even after the onset of seizure activity. D-leucine reduces long-term potentiation but had no effect on basal synaptic transmission in vitro.

6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-nor-Leucine (L-6-Diazo-5-oxonorleucine) is a glutaminase antagonist (Ki: 6 μM) and an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified Streptomyces species from Peruvian soil.

N-Acetylleucine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as leucine and derivatives. Leucine and derivatives are compounds containing leucine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of leucine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or fro

L-Alanyl-L-leucine (H-Ala-Leu-OH) is a dipeptide compound that is involved in protein synthesis.

Glycyl-L-leucine (Gly-Leu) is a substrate for the assay of glycyl-L-leucine dipeptidase.

(±)-Leucine (Standard) is the standard substance of (±)-Leucine, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. (±)-Leucine (DL-2-Aminmo-4-methylvalerianic acid) can be found in Green bell peppers, Green zucchinis, Italian sweet red peppers, and Red bell peppers.

N-Cholyl-L-leucine is a bile acid amidate. It has been found in fecal samples from extremely premature infants with mild or severe brain injuries. N-Cholyl-L-leucine has been used as a standard for the detection of endogenous bile acid amidates in human plasma and fecal samples.

Fructose-leucine (Fru-Leu) is an Amadori compound that can be detected in tobacco and serves as an aroma precursor formed during the initial stages of the Maillard reaction.

L-Isoleucine (Ile) is an essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.

L-Norleucine ((S)-Norleucine) is an isomer of leucine, specifically affects protein synthesis in skeletal muscle, and has antivirus activity.

(2S,3R,4S)-4-Hydroxyisoleucine (Hydroxyisoleucine) from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds is a potential insulinotropic (anti-diabetic) and anti-obesity amino acid that stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic cells, activates insulin receptor substrate-associated phosphoinositide 3 (PI3) kinase activity, and reduces plasma levels of triglycerides, free fatty acids, and cholesterol.

DL-Isoleucine exhibits anti-glycation activity in RAW 264.7 cells and exhibits millimolar-level cytotoxicity against SW620, CACO2, SW480, and fibroblast cells.

L-Alloisoleucine (L-allo-Isoleucine) is a branched chain amino acid and is a stereoisomer of L-isoleucine. It is a common constituent of human plasma (albeit at low levels). L-alloisoleucine is produced as a byproduct of isoleucine transamination. Plasma L-alloisoleucine, which is derived from L-isoleucine in vivo, can be used for the diagnosis of maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), a genetic disorder. Indeed, plasma L-alloisoleucine levels above 5 μmol/L is the most specific and most sensitive diagnostic marker for all forms of MSUD.

4-Hydroxyisoleucine (4-Hydroxy-L-isoleucine) has antidepressant-like, antidyslipidemic, and antihyperglycemic effects. It displays an insulinotropic activity.

D-Isoleucine ((2R,3R)-2-Amino-3-methylpentanoic acid) is a selective activator of Asc-1 antiporter, which enhances long-term potentiation at the hippocampal CA1-CA3 via release of endogenous D-serine.

N-Lactylleucine is an endogenous metabolite detectable in patients with intermediate maple syrup urine disease.

Venuloside A (ESK246), a monoprostane glycoside from Pittosporum venulosum, is a LAT3 inhibitor and a leucine uptake inhibitor that inhibits the transporter of leucine through LAT3, and may be used in the study of prostate cancer.

Bestatin (Ubenimex) competitively inhibits many aminopeptidases, including B, N and leucine aminopeptidases. Ubenimex is a microbial metabolite and dipeptide with potential immunomodulatory and antitumor activities. Aminopeptidases has been implicated in the process of cell adhesion and invasion of tumor cells. Therefore, inhibiting aminopeptidases may partially attribute to the antitumor effect of ubenimex. This agent also activates T lymphocyte, macrophage, and bone marrow stem cell as well as stimulates the release of interleukin-1 and -2, thus further enhances its antitumor activity.

Methylglutaric acid is a leucine metabolite. A large amount of methylglutaric acid is identified in urine of patients with deficiency of 3-methylglutaconyl coenzyme A hydratase (PMID 6181239 ). Methylglutaric acid is also found to be associated with 3-hyd

3-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid (DL-Homovaline) is a beta-amino acid that is pentanoic acid substituted at positions 3 and 4 by amino and methyl groups respectively. It has a role as a human metabolite.

Leu-Leu-OH is a derivative dipeptide of leucine that can be used to study the function of the double leucine motif, is present as a metabolite in the human body, and is also detected in certain bacteria (e.g. Mycoplasma genitalium).

Enocyanin, an anthocyanin extracted from grapes, exhibits inhibitory effects on leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and esterase activity.