cardiovascular diseases

Niacin (Nicotinic acid) is a water-soluble vitamin belonging to the vitamin B family, which occurs in many animal and plant tissues, with antihyperlipidemic activity. Niacin is converted to its active form niacinamide, which is a component of the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its phosphate form, NADP.

Protocatechuic acid (3, 4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid) (3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural phenolic compound found in many edible and medicinal plants. Recent studies indicate that it could be used as a protective agent against cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms. The mechanism of its action is mostly associated with antioxidant activity, including inhibition of generation as well as scavenging of free radicals and up-regulating enzymes which participate in their neutralization.

Ferulic acid sodium (Sodium ferulic), the sodium salt of ferulic acid, is a drug used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and to prevent thrombosis.

Bisphenol A is an endogenous metabolic compound of phenols and is widely used in the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. It is reproductive, developmental and systemic toxicant and is often classified as an endocrine disruptor. It has been linked to many diseases, including respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, kidney disease, obesity and reproductive disorders.

Pedaliin is a flavonoid extracted from the above-ground parts of sesame (Sesamum indicum L) and the Tibetan medicine Dracocephalum tanguticum Maxim.Pedaliin has shown antioxidant and anticancer effects against colon cancer in vitro, and can be used in the study of cardiovascular diseases.

Gypenoside XIII, a member of the gypenosides extracted from *Gynostemma pentaphyllum*, provides protection against cardiovascular diseases, particularly atherosclerosis.

Protogracillin, a steroidal saponin isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright (DZW), may inhibit platelet aggregation (PAG) and thrombosis, potentially reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases through its anti-thrombotic action.

Dihydrotanshinone I (DHTS) is a natural compound extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge used for treating of cardiovascular diseases.

Korepimedoside C, also known as Epimedin I, is a flavonol glycoside derived from the aerial parts of Epimedium koreanum Nakai. Epimedium koreanum Nakai is a renowned Chinese herbal medicine that has been extensively studied for its potential in addressing impotence, osteoporosis, immune suppression, and cardiovascular diseases.

Norswertianolin, a compound isolated from G. acuta, is a small molecule activator of CSE, which enhances the H-generation 2S activity of CSE and can be used in the study of cardiovascular diseases.

1. Farrerol has antioxidative activity.2. Farrerol modulates TAP and BNBD5 gene expression in mammary gland, enhances bMEC defense against S. aureus infection and could be useful in protection against bovine mastitis. 3. Farrerol inactivates KEAP-1 or act

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is an enzyme, mainly involved in lipid metabolism, that hydrolyzes triglycerides in lipoproteins.LPL can be a target for obesity/diabetes-related cardiovascular diseases and has an important role in lowering triglyceride levels and improving cardiovascular.

Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium is a phospholipid found in mitochondria and is involved in mitochondrial structure and function.Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium is used in the study of neurological, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases.

2-Hydroxyflavanone is a naturally occurring flavonoid found in many plants and fruits. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity, scavenging free radicals, reducing inflammation and inhibiting the growth of tumor cells. It also has the potential to treat a wide range of diseases including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and neurological disorders.

Senkyunolide H, a natural compound found in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., exhibits potential therapeutic properties beneficial for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory conditions.

Notoginsenoside R3, a primary active component of P. notoginseng, functions as a signaling molecule implicated in numerous physiological responses. This compound, along with other constituents of P. notoginseng, is utilized in traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular diseases [1].

15:0-18:1 DG is a form of diacylglycerol (DAG). It is produced by the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol (TAG) found in butter. This compound shows potential for research in obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and dietary interventions.

Asperenone is a 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.3 mM. Additionally, it acts as a platelet aggregation inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.23 mM. Asperenone also exhibits antifungal properties, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungi Ophiostoma crassivaginatum and O. piliferum, and may be utilized in research related to cardiovascular diseases and anti-infective treatments.

N-trans-Feruloyltyramine 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a phenolic amide glycoside compound identified in Suaeda japonica. This compound exhibits antioxidant activity, effectively scavenging DPPH radicals and reducing ROS production induced by H2O2 in cells, thus protecting cells from oxidative stress damage. N-trans-Feruloyltyramine 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside shows potential for research in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.

Thalictoside, found in A. squamosa L, is a soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor with an IC50 of 20.2 µM. It exhibits anti-osteoporotic effects by modulating estrogen-like mechanisms and is valuable in research on cardiovascular and urinary system diseases.

Arabinothalictoside, found in A. squamosa L, is a soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor with an IC50 of 47.1 µM. It is utilized in research related to cardiovascular and urinary system diseases.

Cyanidin 3-sambubioside chloride (Cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside chloride) is a plant-derived anthocyanin, an inhibitor of NO and H274Y mutations, and an inhibitor of influenza neuraminidase.Cyanidin 3- sambubioside chloride has anti-inflammatory properties. sambubioside chloride has antioxidant, antiangiogenic and antiviral activities and inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, which can be used in the study of viral infections and cardiovascular diseases.

4-O-Feruloylquinic acid can be useful for the prevention of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.

Macranthoside A (Kalopanaxsaponin H) is a triterpenoid glycoside extracted from rehmannia and belongs to the iridoterpenoid synthesis. Macranthoside A has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and neuroprotective activities, inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibits the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, helps neutralize harmful free radicals, protects cells from oxidative damage, and promotes the survival and growth of neurons. And prevent neuronal cell death caused by oxidative stress or neurotoxic compounds, which has the potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases and liver damage.