12(z),15(z)-heneicosadienoic acid

12(Z),15(Z)-Heneicosadienoic acid, an ω-6 very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, serves as a positional isomer of heneicosadienoic acid, which is scarcely found in living organisms.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a uracil analog and inhibitor of DNA synthesis, exhibiting antitumor activity by affecting pyrimidine synthesis through thymidylate synthase inhibition; it induces apoptosis and autophagy.

Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin) is a natural product extracted from Capsicum annuum, and is a TRPV1 agonist (EC50=0.29 μM). Capsaicin has antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective activities.

Citronellol ((±)-β-Citronellol) is used in insect repellents and perfumes and as a mite attractant.

PF-4191834 is a noniron chelating and non-redox inhibitor of the 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) with an IC50 of 229 nM. PF-4191834 shows ~300-fold selectivity for 5-LOX over 12-LOX and 15-LOX and displays no activity toward the cyclooxygenase enzymes. PF-4191834

Rutin hydrate (Sophorin), a kind of glycoside, widely exists in many plants including citrus fruit.

Praeruptorin B (Praeruptorin D), a compound found in the roots of Peuced, is an inhibitor of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) that attenuates the metastatic ability of human renal cancer cells by targeting CTSC and CTSV expression, and can be used in the study of osteoporosis.

CM-352 is a metalloproteinase inhibitor that reduces brain damage and improves functional recovery in rat models of cerebral hemorrhage.

Anisylacetone (Anisylacetone) is an effective lure for the male melon fly.

Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, it also exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria. α-Terpineol (Terpineol) shows anticonvulsant, and anti-inflammatory activities, it inhibits the gene expression of the IL-6 receptor.

Isopulegol has antioxidant, and neuroactive properties. It also has gastroprotective effects induced by isopulegol appear to be mediated, at least in part, by endogenous prostaglandins, K+ATP channel opening and antioxidant proprieties related to GSH incr

Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine derivative, is a nucleobase essential in biochemistry, participating in cellular respiration through ATP, NAD, and FAD, and in protein synthesis as a component of DNA and RNA.

D-Phenylalanine, a necessary aromatic amino acid, is a precursor of thyroxine, dopamine, melanin, and noradrenaline (norepinephrine).

Coumarin is a chemical compound poison found in many plants, notably in high concentration in the tonka bean, woodruff, and bison grass. It has clinical value as the precursor for several anticoagulants, notably warfarin.

Benzoic acid (Dracylic acid) is a fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.

Azelaic acid (Anchoic acid) is a component of hair and skin conditioners and is produced by the ozonolysis of oleic acid. Azelaic acid has bacteriostatic activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis by inhibiting protoprotein synthesis in microbial cells. Azelaic acid also has the ability to inhibit pigmentation due to its free radical scavenging action.

L-Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is a natural product that is a potent reducing agent and antioxidant. L-Ascorbic acid functions in fighting bacterial infections, in detoxifying reactions, and in the formation of collagen. L-Ascorbic acid is used in the treatment of scurvy.

Hesperidin (Cirantin) is a flavanone glycoside found in citrus fruits with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and antihypertensive and lipid-lowering activity.

Cyanocobalamin is a cobalt-containing coordination compound generated by intestinal microbes and a natural water-soluble vitamin of the B-complex family that must combine with Intrinsic Factor for absorption by the intestine. Cyanocobalamin is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA, and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. B12 improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. B12 metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) deficiency causes pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and neurologic lesions.

Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) a fat-soluble, naturally occurring vitamin with antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.

Nilotinib (AMN107) is a Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor with oral activity. Nilotinib has antitumor activity and may be used for the treatment of Imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).

DL-Arginine is deployed in the study of amino acid complexation dynamics and the formation of crystal structures.

Pyruvic aldehyde (2-Oxopropanal) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound that can be converted to lactic acid by evolution from DHA and GLA.

Polyethylene glycol 12-hydroxystearate (Solutol HS-15) is a permeability enhancer.