pulmonary

Kinetin (N6-Furfuryladenine), a type of cytokinin, has plant growth regulation effects.

Plantamajoside (Y0160) has anti-hepatotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive activities, improving sexual function and antioxidant activity.

Aucuparin (2,6-dimethoxy-4-phenylphenol) is a plant antibiotic with anti-inflammatory activity. Aucuparin inhibited pulmonary fibrosis in mouse models induced by bleomycin (BLM). ABTS and FRAP showed clear scavenging activity. Aucuparin inhibited superoxide production of human neutrophils induced by fmlp, and its IC50 was 17.0μM.

Methacycline hydrochloride (Rondomycin) is a broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE but excreted more slowly and maintaining effective blood levels for a more extended period.

Tolazoline hydrochloride (NSC35110 (hydrochloride)) is a non-selective competitive α-adrenergic receptor antagonist used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.

Monocrotaline (Crotaline) is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid extracted from the seeds of the Crotalaria plant. Monocrotaline has certain cellular activity against HepG2 cells and can induce pulmonary hypertension in rodents.

Tanshinone IIA sulfonate sodium (Tanshinone IIA sodium sulfonate) is a water-soluble derivative of tanshinone IIA extracted from Savia miltiorrhiza; a potent negative allosteric modulator of the human purinergic receptor P2X7. Tanshinone IIA sulfonate sodium (12.5 μM) inhibits hypoxia-induced PKG and PPAR-γ downregulation in PASMCs and distal pulmonary arteries of rats.

Atropine (DL-Hyoscyamine) Sulfate is the sulfate salt of atropine, a naturally-occurring alkaloid isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna. Atropine functions as a sympathetic, competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby abolishing the effects of parasympathetic stimulation.

Sphondin has anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative activities, it possessed an inhibitory effect on IL-1beta-induced increase in the level of COX-2 protein and PGE(2) release in A549 cells.

1. Peiminine (Raddeanine) is an effective inhibitor for lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis in a rat model of bleomycin-induced lung injury.

Platycodin D3 is a NF-κB inhibitor, it could as expectorants in diverse inflammatory pulmonary diseases, it can regulate the production and secretion of airway mucin; it can significantly enhance mitogen- and OVA-induced splenocyte proliferation in the OVA-immunized mice. Platycodin D3 also exerts anti-Hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity.

Atropine sulfate (Sulfatropinol) is a competitive antagonist for muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.

Latrunculin B, an alkaloid from the Red Sea sponge, is an actin polymerization inhibitor with antifungal and antiprotozoal activity.Latrunculin B modulates the electrophysiological characteristics of the pulmonary veins and attenuates the occurrence of torsade de pointes, and may be used in the study of glaucoma in adolescents.

1. Ecliptasaponin A (Echinocystic acid-3-o-glucoside) has protective effects against the pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin via reducing the oxidative stress, lung tissue inflammation, and the subsequent epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Corilagin has anti-inflammatory activity. Corilagin has a significant antitumour potential and lower toxicity in normal cells in vitro.Corilagin can enhance the cytotoxicity of both cisplatin and doxorubicin on the Hep3B hepatoma cells.Corilagin has antiviral activity, reduces the cytotoxicity induced by EV71 or CA16 on Vero cells with and IC50 value of 5.6 and 32.33 μg mL, respectively. Corilagin shows the potential to protect against HSV-1-induced encephalitis, and the beneficial effects may be mediated by inhibiting TLR2 signaling pathways.Corilagin has antifibrotics property and is potentiated in treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF), attenuates bleomycin-induced epithelial injury and fibrosis via inactivation of oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokine release and NF-κB and TGF-β1 signaling. Solvent:Pyridine, Methanol, Ethanol, etc.

Deapioplatycodin D and platycodin D can regulate the production and secretion of airway mucin and, at least in part, explains the traditional use of aqueous extract of APG as expectorants in diverse inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Deapi-platycodin D has anti-inflammatory activity.

Piceatannol 3'-O-glucoside (Piceatannol 3-glycoside) increases pulmonary blood oxygen tension and decreases pulmonary interstitial edema, so it can protect lung injury.

MRE-269 (ACT-333679) is an orally available and long-acting prostacyclin receptor agonist prodrug. MRE-269(ACT-333679) is used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. MRE-269(ACT-333679) is an active metabolite of Selexipag (S253150).

Perilla ketone is a naturally occurring xenobiotic compound that is activated by pulmonary cytochrome P450 enzymes in the lung, leading to severe pulmonary damage and diffuse pulmonary edema.

Neotuberostemonine (NTS) is one of the main antitussive alkaloids in the root of Stemona tuberosa Lour, it has a significant protective effect on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis through suppressing the recruitment and M2 polarization of macroph

Paraxanthine (1,7-dimethylxanthine) is a metabolite of caffeine (sc-202514) which functions as an adenosine receptor ligand and a PARP-1 inhibitor in pulmonary epithelial cells. Studies suggest that Paraxanthine is structurally similar to caffeine and possibly mediates the physiological effects of caffeine. Also Paraxanthine acts as a competitive phosphodiesterase inhibitor, which increases intracellular cAMP, activates PKA, inhibits TNF-α and leukotriene synthesis. In addition, Paraxanthine acts as a Na+ K+ ATPase enzymatic effector.

Liensinine Diperchlorate is an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the embryonic seeds of the sacred lotus. It inhibits late autophagy by blocking autophagosome-lysosome fusion and exhibits biological activities such as anti-arrhythmic, anti-hypertensive, anti-pulmonary fibrosis, and vascular smooth muscle relaxation.

1. Tetrahydrocoptisine (STYLOPINE) has effective effects in suppressing inflammation. 2. Tetrahydrocoptisine possesses a protective effect on LPS-induced ALI through inhibiting of NF-κB signaling pathways, which may involve the inhibition of pulmonary inflammatory process. 3. Tetrahydrocoptisine has gastroprotective activity, is attributed to reducing NO production and adjusting the pro-inflammatory cytokine, inhibited neutrophil accumulation and NF-κB expression. 4. Tetrahydrocoptisine is an active anti-inflammatory constituent by inhibition of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO production possibly via down-regulation of NF-κB activation, phospho-ERK1 2 and phospho-p38MAPK signal pathways.

1. Dauricine has pulmonary toxicity, can produce pulmonary injury in CD-1 mice by the metabolism of Dauricine mediated by CYP3A. 2. Dauricinec can pass the blood-brain barrier, and that P-glycoprotein has an important role in the transportation of Dauricine across the blood-brain barrier. 3. Dauricine may has anti-tumor effect, can inhibit tumor cells in urinary system and colon cancer cell proliferation, invasion; induce cell apoptosis by suppressing NF-kappaB activity and the expression profile of its downstream genes.