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Cefazolin sodium (cephazolin sodium) salt binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Cefazolin sodium salt is the sodium salt of cefazolin, a beta-lactam antibiotic and first-generation cephalosporin with bactericidal activity. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity, which results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and cell lysis.

CLP257 is a selective K+-Cl− cotransporter KCC2 activator (EC50: 616 nM) and it is inactive against NKCC1, GABAA receptors, KCC1, KCC3 or KCC4. CLP257 alleviates hypersensitivity in rats with neuropathic painc and it also modulates plasmalemmal KCC2 protein turnover post-translationally. CLP257 restores impaired Cl− transport in neurons with diminished KCC2 activity.

Diazepinomicin is a secondary metabolite produced by Micromonospora sp. It inhibits the EGF-induced Ras-ERK MAPK signaling pathway and induces apoptosis. Diazepinomicin also is an anti-tumor agent for K-Ras mutant models.

GSK3179106 is RET kinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.4 nM

Emapunil (XBD-173) is an anxiolytic drug which acts as a selective agonist at the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, also known as the mitochondrial 18 kDa translocator protein or TSPO.

Thiamphenicol (Dextrosulphenidol) is a methylsulfonyl analog of chloramphenicol. It is an antibiotic and immunosuppressive agent.

Cefazolin is a semi-synthetic cephalosporin that has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell walls.

The quinuclidine PHA 568487 free base is an agonist of the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor that was designed to mitigate the bioactivation associated with the core scaffold and subsequently remove associated liabilities with in vivo tolerability.

TCS 1102 is an effective, dual orexin receptor antagonist (Ki: 0.2/3 nM for OX2/1 receptors).

Diclofop-methyl is a common post-growth herbicide commonly used in agriculture. It enhances proton permeability of isolated oat root vesicle membranes.

Linoleoyl Ethanolamide is an endocannabinoid agent. It acts by binding to TRPV1 increasing ERK phosphorylation and AP-1 dependent transcription in CB-receptor in an independent manner.

Epostane acts as an antiprogestogen and terminates pregnancy by inhibiting 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and preventing the biosynthesis of progesterone and pregnenolone. [4]

Epostatin is a new dipeptidyl peptidase II (DPP-II, EC 3.4.14.2) inhibitor.

Poststatin is a prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor produced by Streptomyces viridochromogenes MH534-30F3.

Rapostan is a water-soluble nicotinamide derivative.

Sovipostobart, an immunoglobulin G1-kappa monoclonal antibody targeting CTLA-4 in Homo sapiens, features a cleavable prodomain. This compound serves as both an immunostimulant and antineoplastic [1].

Apostatin-1 (Apt-1) is a novel TRADD inhibitor that binds to a pocket on the N-terminal TRAF2 binding domain of TRADD.

Caffeic acid is a dual inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase and TRPV1 ion channels.

Estrone (Aquacrine) is an aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone, a major mammalian estrogen. It is converted from ANDROSTENEDIONE directly, or from TESTOSTERONE via ESTRADIOL. In humans, it is produced primarily by the cyclic ovaries, PLACENTA, and the ADIPOSE TISSUE of men and postmenopausal women.

Amantadine hydrochloride (CI-719) is an antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A and Parkinson disease.

Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) is a natural catecholamine neurotransmitter that mainly acts on dopamine receptors (D1-5 receptors) (EC50=2.7 nM). Dopamine hydrochloride induces VEGFR2 endocytosis through D2 dopamine receptor and has pro-angiogenic activity.

Parecoxib (SC 69124) is an effective and selective COX-2 inhibitor.

Ketorolac (Acuvail) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the family of heterocyclic acetic acid derivatives. It acts by inhibiting the bodily synthesis of prostaglandins.

Bethanechol chloride (Carbamyl-β-methylcholine chloride) is a slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. It is used to increase smooth muscle tone in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or to treat urinary retention without obstruction. Possible side effects include hypotension, heart rate changes, and bronchial spasm.