neuroprotective effects

Levomenol ((-)-α-BISABOLOL) is a sesquiterpene alcohol that has been found in the essential oils of several aromatic plants, with exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities.

Citicoline (CDP-Choline) is an intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a component of cell membranes. Citicoline exerts neuroprotective effects.

Inosine (NSC-20262), an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by the catabolism of adenosine, is an agonist of adenosine receptors A1R and A2AR. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive and neuroprotective effects.

Dihydrocaffeic acid is a metabolite of chlorogenic acid, a well-known antioxidant component with antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer's disease, neuroprotective, arousal and lipid-lowering effects.

Phytic acid dodecasodium salt hydrate (myo-Inositol, hexakis(dihydrogen phosphate) dodecasodium salt hydrate) is a phosphorus storage compound of seeds and cereal grains. Phytic acid dodecasodium salt hydrate inhibits the enzymatic superoxide source xanthine oxidase with an IC50 of 6 mM and has antioxidative, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Catalpol (Catalpinoside) is an iridoid glycoside with neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hepatitis virus effects.

Tangeretin (NSC-618905), a flavonoid from citrus fruit peels, has been proven to play an important role in anti-inflammatory responses and neuroprotective effects in several disease models and was also selected as a Notch-1 inhibitor.

Fisetin belongs to a group of natural flavonols with a variety of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-aging and neuroprotective effects.

Sesamin is a selective delta 5 desaturase inhibitor in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids and is a lignan abundantly present in sesame oil. It has potent neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia.

4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (P-Methylolphenol) exhibits beneficial effects in cerebral ischemic injury, has neuroprotective effect through upregulation of Nrf2, Prdx6, and PDI expression via the PI3K Akt pathway. 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol inhibit the development of new blood vessels by targeting multiple mechanisms of the angiogenic process, may as a promising candidate for the establishment of anti-angiogenic treatment strategies in cancer therapy.

Paradol ([6]-Gingerone) is a pungent phenolic substance found in ginger and other Zingiberaceae plants, and exhibits a variety of biological activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative activities,neuroprotective Effects.

Ethyl pyruvate is a simple aliphatic ester of pyruvic acid and has been shown to have robust neuroprotective effects via its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic functions.

1. 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (Quinacetophenone) possess anti-anxiety, and neuroprotective qualities. 2. 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (Quinacetophenone) reatment can induce a sustained activation of JNK, ERK1 2, and p38 MAPKs, it also can potentiate the pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of bortezomib in U266 cells. 3. 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (Quinacetophenone) has anti-inflammatory activity in activated macrophages, raising the possibility that this compound has a therapeutic potential for inflammatory conditions. 4. 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (Quinacetophenone) is an uncompetitive inhibitor of murine tyrosinase (K(I) 0.28mm), it strongly inhibits both melanogenesis and cellular tyrosinase activity in vitro in 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthin-stimulated B16 mouse melanoma cells or in vivo in zebrafish and mouse models.

Safranal is the special volatile aroma compound of saffron

Rosarin has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Rosarin supresses the expression of the proinflammatory factors iNOS, IL-1 β, and TNF- α in the kidney and prefrontal cortex of brain in mice .

Xanthotoxol (Psoralen) is a biologically active linear furocoumarin, shows strong pharmacological activities as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, 5-HT antagonistic, and neuroprotective effects.

Parishin (Parishin A) A is isolated from the rhizomes of Gastrodia elata. It has good neuroprotective effects against brain disorders.

Cynarin (1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid) has neuroprotective, and antioxidant effects, it can inhibition of GSK3β as well as the modulation of Bcl-2 Bax.

Salvigenin is a potent hMAO-A inhibitor, has neuroprotective, antitumor and immunomodulatory effects.

Capsaicin is an active natural component found in chili peppers and acts as a TRPV1 agonist (EC50 = 0.29 μM). It possesses multiple activities, including pain relief, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects, as well as some neurotoxicity. Capsaicin can be used to establish itch models.

Citrinin is a mycotoxin that causes contamination in the food and is associated with different toxic effects. Citrinin also possesses a broad spectrum of bioactivities, including antifungal, antibacterial, and potential anticancer and neuroprotective effe

Dieckol, a rhizomycin found in some brown algae species, has antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, antiaging, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective effects, ameliorates acute hearing loss, and inhibits cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest in human tracheal fibroblasts via Hs680.Tr.

Vitexin arginine is a natural c-glycosylated flavone isolated from various medicinal plants species,with anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and neuroprotective effects.

6-Hydroxymelatonin is the main active metabolite and endogenous metabolite of Melatonin via CYP1A2, an agonist of MT2 receptor with antioxidant and neuroprotective effects, and effectively reduces KCN-induced lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion production.