g2/m phase

Citric Acid Monohydrate is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative.

1. Citric acid (Citro) (1-2 g kg) can decrease brain lipid peroxidation and inflammation, liver damage, and DNA fragmentation. 2. Citric acid denture cleansers can reduce C. albicans biofilm accumulation and cell viability. However, this CT did not prevent biofilm recolonization.

Malformin C is a natural fungus-derived bicyclic pentapeptide that has antibacterial properties, particularly against species of Bacillus. Malformin C potently blocks the ability of bleomycin to induce G2 arrest in human T-cell leukemia-derived Jurkat cells (IC50 = 0.9 nM). It less potently abrogates colchicine-induced M phase arrest in Jurkat cells (IC50 = 24 nM). Malformin C inhibits cell growth dose-dependently in Colon 38 and HCT 115 cancer cells (IC50s = 0.27 and 0.18 μM, respectively) but has a low therapeutic index against cancer xenografts when tested in mice.

1. Daphnoretin (Thymelol) has strong antiviral activity, mainly on the later phase of the replication cycle. 2. Daphnoretin has anticancer effects on leukemia, osteosarcoma and uterine cervix cancer cells, might through promoting apoptosis in a mitochondria-mediated way. 3. Daphnoretin causes death of HOS cells by blocking cells successively in G2 M phases and activating the caspase-3 pathway.

Albanol B, an arylbenzofuran derivative, is extracted from mulberries and demonstrates multifarious biological activities, including anti-Alzheimer's, anti-bacterial, and antioxidant effects. It inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells, down-regulates CDK1 expression, and induces cell cycle arrest at the G2 M phase and apoptosis. Additionally, Albanol B increases mitochondrial ROS production and enhances the phosphorylation levels of AKT and ERK1 2 [1].

Metachromin X, a sesquiterpene quinone, halts the cell cycle of HeLa Fucci2 cells at the S G2 M phase [1].

Persicogenin has anticancer, antimutagenic, and antileishmanial activities, it can inhibit the proliferation of mouse tsFT210 cancer cells, it mainly inhibits cell cycle at the G2 M phase in a dose-dependent manner.

Swainsonine (Tridolgosir) is an alkaloid isolated from Astragalus membranaceus and is a potent and reversible inhibitor of alpha-mannosidase. swainsonine has antitumour activity and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G2 M phase.

Tryprostatin A is an inhibitor of breast cancer resistance protein and, along with tryprostatin B, is an indole alkaloid-based fungal product that inhibits the mammalian cell cycle at the G2 M phase.

9-Oxo-10,11-dehydroageraphorone has acaricidal activity. It induces hepatotoxicity and cholestasis in rats. 9-Oxo-10,11-dehydroageraphorone also effectively inhibits the proliferation of HeLa cells by arresting the cell cycle transition from S to G2 M pha

Rocaglaol is a potent anticancer drug that induces apoptosis of LNCaP cells through the mitochondrial pathway and its G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest is associated with the down-regulation of Cdc25C and the dephosphorylation of Cdc2. Rocaglaol can reduce tis

γ-Sitosterol acts as an inhibitor of c-Myc. It suppresses the proliferation of cancer cells MCF-7 and A549, with IC50 values of 240.73 μg mL and 696.6 μg mL, respectively. γ-Sitosterol induces cell cycle arrest at the G2 M phase and triggers apoptosis (apoptosis). Additionally, it upregulates the expression of cyclin B E [cyclin B E].

Boerelasin E is the first cytochalasin isolated from the endophytic fungus Boeremia exigua, featuring a cis-configured Δ21(22) double bond. It exhibits stronger antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cells (IC50=20.52 μM) than cisplatin. Boerelasin E inhibits complete cell division in MCF-7 cells by arresting them in the G2 M phase and inducing apoptosis.

Asperlin is an orally active marine-derived antibiotic with antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherosclerotic properties. It can induce apoptosis and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage-related G2 M phase arrest, as well as ATM phosphorylation. Additionally, Asperlin effectively prevents HFD-induced obesity in vivo and modulates gut microbiota.

Juglanin is a JNK activator. Juglanin with inflammation and anti-tumor activities. It can induce apoptosis and autophagy on human breast cancer cells.