abeta

Rutin (Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside), a flavonoid, has a variety of biological activities including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic properties.

β-Amyloid (1-42), human, is a 42-amino acid peptide integral to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease.

1. Licochalcone B (LCB) inhibits the proliferation of human malignant bladder cancer cell lines (T24 and EJ) in vitro and antitumor activity in vivo in MB49 (murine bladder cancer cell line) tumor model. 2. LCB and Licochalcone D(LCD) significantly reduce

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) possess an ability to inhibit the lung metastasis of tumor cells via inhibition of the adhesion and invasion of tumor cells. It inhibits the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC) and has anti-angiogenesis activities.

Fustin is the phytogenic flavanol component of the plant Rhus verniciflua Stokes. Fustin shows protective effects on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal cell death.

Rutin hydrate (Sophorin), a kind of glycoside, widely exists in many plants including citrus fruit.

Methyl tridecanoate is a natural product.

Notoginsenoside R1 (Sanchinoside R1) has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and immune-stimulatory properties.

Geniposide is an iridoid glycoside with a variety of biological activities including neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, antiproliferative, and antioxidative activity. Geniposide has been shown to regulate Nrf2 translocation.

Tramiprosate (Alzhemed) is an orally active, blood-brain-barrier-crossing, naturally occurring amino acid found in a variety of red seaweeds that binds soluble Aβ and maintains it in a non-protofibrillar form.It is a GABA analog with neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, and antihypertensive activity.

Ginsenoside Re (Ginsenoside B2) may have properties that inhibit or prevent the growth of tumors.

Ginsenoside Rg1 (Panaxoside Rg1) is a class of steroid glycosides, and triterpene saponins found exclusively in the plant genus Panax (ginseng). It improves spatial learning and increase hippocampal synaptophysin level in mice, plus demonstrates estrogen-like activity.

Qingyangshengenin B (Otophylloside B) is a C-21 steroidal glycoside isolated from Qingyangshen. Qingyangshengenin B protects against Aβ toxicity, which decreases Aβ deposition by decreasing the expression of Aβ at the mRNA level. Qingyangshengenin B has antiepileptic and anti-aging effects, it can extend lifespan, increase heat stress-resistance, delay body paralysis, and increase the chemotaxis response in C. elegans models of Alzheimer's disease. Otophylloside B can suppress the seizure-like locomotor activity caused by pentylenetetrazole in zebrafish.

Ginsenoside Rg2 (Chikusetsusaponin I) is one of the major active components of ginseng, act as an NF-κB inhibitor.

Hematoxylin (Natural Black 1) is a dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.

Licoflavonol is a flavonoid compound that can be extracted from licorice. It is an inhibitor of Salmonella Typhimurium serotype 3 secretion system and suppresses the secretion of Abeta by inhibiting β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) transcription.

Saikosaponin C efficiently inhibited LPS-induced apoptotic cell death via inhibition of caspase-3 activation and caspase-3-mediated-FAK degradation.

1. Schisantherin B (Schizantherin-B) shows good effect in lowering the serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase level of the patients suffering from chronic virus hepatitis.

Apicidin (OSI 2040) is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with antiparasitic and antiproliferative activity. It attenuates memory deficits, inhibits cell growth and proliferation, and induces apoptosis and autophagy by decreasing Abeta load in APP PS1 mice, making it a valuable tool for leukemia research.

Scyllo-Inositol (Scyllitol) is one of the inositol stereoisomers, rare in the nature, and expected as a promising disease-modifying therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease.