HSV

Aloe emodin (Rhabarberone) is an interferon-inducing agent, for JEV （IC50=1 μg/mL） and EV71（IC50=0.33 μg/mL ）.

Docusate sodium (Aerosol OT) is an orally available, over-the-counter laxative and stool softener used to treat or prevent constipation. Docusate has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice.

1. Oxyresveratro can inhibit tyrosinase activity. 2. Oxyresveratro is useful to trauma models, as toxicity to glia could be beneficial by inhibiting reactive gliosis. 3. Oxyresveratrol (trans-Oxyresveratrol) has antioxidant activity, can reduce neuronal oxidative damage and protect hepatocytes against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be associated with activation of Nrf2.

Ganciclovir (2'-Nor-2'-deoxyguanosine) is an ACYCLOVIR analog that is a potent inhibitor of the Herpesvirus family including cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir is used to treat complications from AIDS-associated cytomegalovirus infections.

Acyclovir (Aciclovir) is a synthetic analog of the purine nucleoside, guanosine, with potent antiviral activity against herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus and other viruses of the herpesvirus family.

Tiglic acid is a monocarboxylic unsaturated organic acid found in croton oil and several other natural products. It functions as a plant metabolite.

1. Octyl Gallate is an antioxidant approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a food additive. 2. Octyl Gallate has antimetastatic activity. 3. Octyl Gallate shows antimicrobial activity against H. pylori, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 125 ug/mL. 4. Combination therapy with octyl gallate and ferulic acid improves cognition and neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.5. Octyl Gallate is a potential anticancer agent, it exhibited decreased MCF-7 & MDA-MB-231 survival and induced apoptosis, with IC50 value of 40 uM. 6. Octyl gallate (Octyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) has antiviral activity, it shows an inhibitory effect on the growth of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in HEp-2 or Vero cells. 7. Octyl gallate shows antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC7754 and Zygosaccharomyces bailii ATCC 60483.

1,4-Dihydroxynaphthalene A potent HSV-1 protease inhibitor with inhibitory effects on the HCMV protease, which can be used to study herpesviruses.

CF-1743 is an anti-varicella zoster virus nucleoside and inhibits VZV replication. CF-1743 can be used in studies about infection of varicella and herpes zoster.

Oxytetracycline (OTC) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that acts by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria. Oxytetracycline prevents the binding from aminoacil-tRNA to the complex m-ribosomal RNA. Oxytetracycline also possesses anti-HSV-1 activity[1][2][3

B220, an antiviral agent, inhibits the growth of HSV-1, HSV-2, and human cytomegalovirus (CMV).

Fiacitabine (NSC-382097) is a selective inhibitor of DNA replication of the herpes simplex virus(HSV) (IC50: 2.5 nM and 12.6 nM for HSV1 and HSV2, respectively).

Imiquimod (R 837) is an immune response modifier that acts as a toll-like receptor 7 agonist.

Theaflavin 3,3'-digallate (8-Gingerol) , a major polyphenol found in black tea, is an inducer of oxidative stress which has anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive actions, it reduces tumor angiogenesis by downregulating HIF-1αand VEGF.

Dynasore (Dynamin Inhibitor I), a cell-permeable chemical, can reversibly and non-competitivity inhibit GTPase activity of dynamin 1/2 (IC50: 15 μM in a cell-free assay). It also inhibits the mitochondrial dynamin Drp1, with no effect against other small GTPase.

Trifluridine (NSC-75520) is a fluorinated thymidine analog with potential antineoplastic activity. Trifluridine is incorporated into DNA and inhibits thymidylate synthase, resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis, inhibition of protein synthesis, and apoptosis. This agent also exhibits antiviral activity.

2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) is an analog of glucose, an inhibitor of glycolysis. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose has antiviral activity, as well as inhibitory cell proliferation and apoptosis-inducing activity.

Brefeldin A (Cyanein) belongs to the class of macrolide antibiotics and is an ATPase inhibitor (IC50=0.2 μM). Brefeldin A can induce tumor cell differentiation and apoptosis, and also possesses autophagy inhibitory activity.

Vidarabine (Adenine Arabinoside) is a nucleoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces antibioticus. It has some antineoplastic properties and has broad spectrum activity against DNA viruses in cell cultures and significant antiviral activity against infections caused by a variety of viruses such as the herpes viruses, the VACCINIA VIRUS and varicella zoster virus.

Penciclovir (BRL 39123) is a Herpesvirus Nucleoside Analog DNA Polymerase Inhibitor. In HSV infected cells, penciclovir is phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase and subsequently converted by cellular kinases into the active metabolite, penciclovir triphosphate, which competitively inhibits viral HSV polymerase by blocking deoxyguanosine triphosphate substrate binding. As a result, herpes viral DNA synthesis and replication are selectively inhibited.

Brincidofovir (HDP-CDV) is an orally active, lipophilic form of cidofovir. It has enhanced activity compared to CDV against certain adenoviruses, herpesviruses, and orthopoxviruses.

1. Betulonic acid (Liquidambaric acid) amide stimulated the regenerative response in hepatocytes under conditions of combined toxic exposure and promoted recovery of their qualitative and quantitative characteristics, which was accompanied by a significant decrease in the severity of liver fibrosis and the absence of cirrhotic transformation of the liver. 2. Betulonic acid derivatives have a promising cytostatic activity in vitro and could be used as potential leads for the development of new type of anti-cancer agents. 3. Betulonic acid has antiholestatic effects in mice.

Oxytetracycline (Terramycin) is a TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES rimosus and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.

Guanosine (DL-Guanosine) is a purine nucleoside formed from a beta-N9-glycosidic bond between guanine and a ribose ring and is essential for metabolism.

Adenosine 5'-monophosphate monohydrate (5'-AMP) , also known as 5'-adenylic acid, is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid and the nucleoside adenosine. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate monohydrate consists of a phosphate group, the sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. As a substituent it takes the form of the prefix adenylyl-.

Salubrinal, a phosphatases (PP1) inhibitor(IC50=1.7 μM), exhibits function on the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit (eIF2α).

Surfactin is a potent cyclic lipopeptide biosurfactants that mediates flux of mono-and divalent cations, such as calcium, across lipid bilayer membranes, with anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antimycoplasma and hemolytic effects.

Verbascoside (Kusaginin) is a protein kinase C inhibitor with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory activities.

Cytarabine (Ara-C) is a nucleoside analog, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis (IC50=16 nM). Cytarabine inhibits DNA polymerase and induces cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis. Cytarabine has antitumor activity.

Soyasaponin II has antiviral effects, it can inhibit the replication of human cytomegalovirus, influenza virus, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

Taraxeryl acetate shows the significant antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus (type II). It has less effect on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of AGS cells than taraxerol. A. roxburghiana has antidiabetic activity, could be attributed due to PTP

FIT-039 is a selective and ATP-competitive, orally active inhibitor of CDK9( IC50 : 5.8 μM;CDK9 cyclin T1). FIT-039 inhibits replication of HSV-1 (IC50 of 0.69 μM), HSV-2, human adenovirus, and human CMV. FIT-039 is a promising antiviral agent for inhibiting drug-resistant HSVs and other DNA viruses.

4,5-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester shows high efficiency and low toxicity with antivirus activity against RSV.

AT-533 is a potent inhibitor of Hsp90 and HSV. AT-533 blocks the HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway, leading to suppress tumor growth and angiogenesis. AT-533 also inhibits the activation of the downstream pathways, including Erk1/2, FAK, Akt/mTOR/p70S6K,. AT-533 inhibits the cell migration, invasion, and the tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).

Moronic acid shows oral therapeutic efficacy in HSV-infected mice and possessed novel anti-HSV activity. It also shows significant anti-HIV activity (EC(50) 186) and was modified to develop more potent anti-AIDS agents. Moronic acid is a new structural lead for anti-EBV drug development, can substantially reduce the numbers of EBV particles produced by the cells after lytic induction. Morolic and moronic acids have shown sustained antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic action possibly mediated by an insulin sensitization with consequent changes of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides, in part mediated by inhibition of 11β-HSD 1 as indicated by in vitro.

Glyceryl monocaprate (2,3-Dihydroxypropyl decanoate) has inhibitory effect on Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). It also offers an effective treatment for herpes labialiss. Glyceryl monocaprate is a capric acid against 1-monoglyceride gram-positive bacterial infections.

Mulberrofuran C shows protective effects on t-BHP-induced oxidative stress with the EC50 value of 0.41 ± 0.48 uM ; it also shows protective effects on glutamate-induced cell death with the EC50 value of 16.50 ± 7.82 uM. Mulberrofuran C has antiviral effects against herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2).

Kushenol K is a potent and Selective Inhibitor of cGMP Phosphodiesterase 5, it also has inhibitory effects on diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT). Kushenol K shows weak antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus types I and II.

Lucialdehyde B exhibits potent inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus. It shows cytotoxic effects on Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), T-47D, Sarcoma 180, and Meth-A tumor cell lines.

Ganoderone A exhibits potent inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus.

Kushenol W is a natural product

Cabraleahydroxylactone displays antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it is weakly cytotoxic to a breast cancer (BC) cell line.It shows antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type-1 with an IC50 value of 3.20 ug/mL, in comparison with the standard acyclovir (IC50=1.90ug/mL).

GLR-19 is an anti-HIV peptide with demonstrated antiviral activity against HSV-2 [1] [2].

Trigonelline chloride (Coffearine Hydrochloride), an alkaloid with potential antidiabetic activity, is present in considerable amounts in coffee.

24-Methylenecycloartanol acetate has antiviral and antimicrobial activities.

Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride (Dalimycin) is a tetracycline derivative produced by Streptomyces rimosus with antimicrobial activity. It interferes with the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex, resulting in preventing peptide elongation and inhibiting protein synthesis.

Xanthohumol, also known as 2', 4, 4'-trihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3'-prenylchalcone or desmethylxanthohumol, is a member of the class of compounds known as 3-prenylated chalcones. It inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 activity and shows chemopreventive effects.

Amenamevir (ASP2151) is a novel helicase-primase inhibitor that is active against varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (EC50: 14 ng mL).

FITC-εAhx-HHV-2 Envelope Glycoprotein G (561-578) is a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled segment of the HHV-2 Envelope Glycoprotein G encompassing amino acids 561 to 578. This region is an immunodominant part of glycoprotein G (gG-2) and exhibits reactivity with all herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) sera [1].

Z-L(D-Val)G-CHN2, an isoform of Z-LVG-CHN2, serves as a cell-permeable and irreversible inhibitor of cysteine proteinase. This tripeptide derivative emulates a segment of the human cysteine proteinase-binding center and demonstrates selective antiviral activity, inhibiting herpes simplex virus (HSV) yet exhibiting negligible impact on poliovirus replication. Notably, Z-LVG-CHN2 effectively impedes SARS-CoV-2 replication with an EC50 value of 190 nM by targeting the SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease [3].