tnf-a-in-1

TNF-α-IN-1 is a TNF-α inhibitor.

Cot inhibitor-1 is a selective inhibitor of Cot protein kinase (also known as Tpl2 or MAP3K8) (IC50 at 28 nM). Cot inhibitor-1 inhibited TNF-alpha production in human whole blood with IC50 of 5.7 nM. Cot is involved in a variety of cellular signaling pathways, particularly those involved in inflammation and immune responses. Cot inactivate-1 inhibits Cot activity and may have potential therapeutic effects on rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and some types of cancer.

LTβR-IN-1 is a potent and selective lymphin β receptor (LTβR) inhibitor with a selective inhibitory effect on the nuclear translocation of p52 of TNF12A, without affecting the nuclear translocation of p65 mediated by the TNF-α receptor. It inhibits p52 nuclear translocation stimulated by TWEAK or Anti-LTβR with an IC50 of 10 μM and regulates the NF-kB signaling pathway in a ligand-independent manner.

Vialinin A (Terrestrin A), a p-terphenyl compound, exhibits antioxidant properties and acts as a potent inhibitor of TNF-α, USP4, USP5, and sentrin/SUMO-specific protease 1 (SENP1). Its efficacy in autoimmune diseases and cancer research is noteworthy, highlighting its potential therapeutic applications.

CU-115 is a selective and potent TLR8 antagonist with IC50 of 1.04 µM and =>50 µM for TLR8 and TLR7, respectively. CU-115 decreases production of TNF-α and IL-1β activated by R-848 in THP-1 cells.

1. Linalool (Linalol), a natural compound of the essential oils, has been shown to have antinociceptive, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. 2. Linalool was protected against LPS/GalN-induced liver injury through induction of antioxidant defense via Nrf2 activating and reduction inflammatory response via NF-κB inhibition. 3. Linalool biosynthesis and accumulation might be involved in plant defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens and be associated with field resistance to citrus canker. 4. Linalool significantly increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes regulated by Nrf-2 and diminished lung tissue levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6.

Methylguanidine (MG) is a guanidine compound deriving from protein catabolism. It is also a product of putrefaction. Methylguanidine is a suspected uraemic toxin that accumulates in renal failure, however it also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. Methyl

MG-T-19, a TIM-3 inhibitor (KD=0.26 μM), significantly inhibited the interaction of TIM-3 with PtdSer, CEACAM1, and Gal-9, and increased the production of TNF-α and IFN-γ in PBMCs, which reactivated the tumor-attacking ability of T cells.

Mapatumumab (HGS-ETR1) is a fully human agonistic monoclonal antibody targeting the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 1 (TRAIL-R1). Mapatumumab exhibits anticancer activity, primarily by inducing tumor cell death through the activation of the death receptor-mediated apoptosis pathway. Mapatumumab is intended for use in cancer research.

4-Deoxypyridoxine (4-DPD) is a vitamin B6 antimetabolite with diverse biological activities. It inhibits transport of pyridoxine , pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine in and reduces growth of S. carlsbergensis cells. 4-DPD inhibits sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) lyase and reduces cyclic stretch-induced apoptosis in alveolar epithelial MLE-12 cells. 4-DPD (5 mg, i.p.) reduces lysyl oxidase activity by 26% and reduces collagen and elastin crosslinking, resulting in limb abnormalities in chick embryos. It decreases latency to first seizure in mice (ED50 = 1 mmol/kg) and increases the occurrence and duration of myoclonic responses in baboons with photosensitive epilepsy. 4-DPD reduces TNF-α and IL-6 production in mice infected with T. spiralis.

TNF/IFNγ-IN-1 (TGA) is a dual inhibitor of TNF and IFN-γ. TNF/IFNγ-IN-1 has potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer.

API-1 (NSC-177223) is a potent inhibitor of Akt. It induces GSK3-dependent, β-TrCP- and FBXW7-mediated Mcl-1 degradation, resulting in induction of apoptosis .

Manumycin A is an antibiotic with anticancer activity and is a mammalian thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR-1) inhibitor.Manumycin A inhibits the production of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in TNF alpha-stimulated THP-1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a dose-dependent manner, inducing apoptosis.

p38 MAPK-IN-1 is a novel selective p38 MAPK inhibitor with high potency, long duration, and low clearance, which reduces inflammatory responses by inhibiting LPS-induced TNF-α production.

TC13172 is a potent and covalent inhibitor that specifically targets the mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), exhibiting significant selectivity for MLKL over the closely related receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 (RIPK1) and RIPK3 at a concentration of 10 µM.TC13172 effectively inhibits necroptosis induced by the TSZ combination (TNF-α, a Smac mimetic, and Z-VAD-FMK) in HT-29 cells with a EC50 of 2 nM and, at 100 nM, blocks TSZ-induced oligomerization and plasma membrane translocation of MLKL.

Tpl2 Kinase Inhibitor 1 is a potent, reversible, and highly selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of Tpl2 (MAP3K8/COT) serine/threonine kinase, with an IC₅₀ of 50 nM for Tpl2 kinase inhibition. In vitro, Tpl2 Kinase Inhibitor 1 inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α release from human primary monocytes (IC₅₀ = 0.7 μM). Tpl2 Kinase Inhibitor 1 can be used in research on inflammatory responses and certain cancers.

PDE1-IN-9 (Compound 7a) is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1), targeting PDE1C with an IC50 value of 11 nM. It effectively reduces the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS, while also inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, PDE1-IN-9 demonstrates good metabolic stability in rat liver microsomes.

JAK05 exhibits inhibitory activity against Helicobacter pylori, effectively suppressing strains J63, J196, and J107, with a MIC of 3-5 µg/mL. It shows affinity for binding to H+/K+-ATPase, COX-1/2, TNF-α, and PGE2, and possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In a rat model of ethanol-induced gastric ulcers, JAK05 demonstrates anti-ulcer activity.

SARS-CoV-2 Mpro-IN-41 (Compound 7e) is an orally active inhibitor targeting COX-2 and SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, with respective IC50 values of 9.66 μM and 13.24 μM. It also demonstrates inhibitory activity against COX-1 (IC50: 46.11 μM). This compound significantly suppresses the expression of inflammation-related cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. By selectively inhibiting COX-2 and SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, SARS-CoV-2 Mpro-IN-41 exerts both anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects, making it a potential candidate for research in inflammation and COVID-19 treatment.

12-Nitrolinoleate is a linoleic acid derivative that acts as an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Formed via exposure to acidified nitrite, it is present in human red blood cells and plasma. This compound stimulates PPARγ-dependent gene expression, demonstrated in a reporter assay with MCF-7 cells expressing human PPARγ, with an EC50 of 0.045 µM. At 2.5 µM, 12-Nitrolinoleate reduces the secretion of IL-6, TNF-α, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in THP-1 and RAW 264.7 macrophages, and it suppresses LPS-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Additionally, it inhibits TNF-α-induced increases in vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and enhances heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels in primary human aortic endothelial cells at concentrations of 1, 5, or 10 µM.

LM-021, a coumarin-chalcone derivative, exhibits properties such as anti-aggregation, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. It inhibits the production of nitric oxide (NO), IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as the expression of CD68 and MHCII. Additionally, LM-021 reduces caspase 1 activity, lactate dehydrogenase release, and ROS level elevation. It is used in neurological research.

PDE4-IN-15 (compound 7b-1) is a PDE4 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.17 μM and exhibits anti-TNF-α activity with an EC50 of 0.19 μM. Additionally, PDE4-IN-15 possesses good skin permeability.

Glucocorticoid receptor/NF-κB modulator-1 (Compound 20) is a derivative of ocotillol. It prevents degradation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA and GR protein and inhibits the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Additionally, it reduces levels of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and improves sepsis in mice.

PDE1-IN-9 (Compound 7a) hydrochloride is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1), with an IC50 of 11 nM for inhibiting PDE1C. It reduces the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS and inhibits the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, PDE1-IN-9 hydrochloride exhibits good metabolic stability in rat liver microsomes.