bile acid

Deoxycholic acid (Cholanoic Acid) is a bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.

Deoxycholic acid sodium salt (Sodium deoxycholate) can activate the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 that stimulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity.

3α,6α,7α,12α-Tetrahydroxy bile acid is a hydrophilic derivative of tetrakis-hydroxy bile acids.

Tauroursodeoxycholate (UR 906), also known as ursodoxicoltaurine, is a highly hydrophilic tertiary bile acid that is produced in humans at a low concentration. Tauroursodeoxycholate is the more hydrophilic form of ursodeoxycholic acid, which is the more abundant naturally produced bile acid in humans.Tauroursodeoxycholate is being investigated for use in several conditions such as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC), insulin resistance, amyloidosis, Cystic Fibrosis, Cholestasis, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid (Lithocholylglycine) is a glycine conjugate of lithocholic acid, a bile acid. It is increased in livers of mice that are fed diets supplemented with ursadeoxycholic acid. Glycolithocholic acid levels are decreased in lean mice treated with obestatin. Serum glycolithocholic acid levels increase with age in children.

Taurocholic acid (N-Choloyltaurine) is a bile acid involved in fat emulsification, possessing notable biological and immunomodulatory activities. It can inhibit bile duct injury induced by hepatic artery ligation by upregulating VEGF-A expression and protect cholangiocytes from TNF-α-induced damage via a PI3K-mediated pathway, and is commonly used to induce pancreatitis models.

Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium (Sodium Ursodeoxycholate) is a naturally occurring secondary bile acid with anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activities. Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium acts as signaling molecule, exerting its effects by interacting with bile acid activated receptors,

Taurine (2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid) is an organic acid widely distributed in animal tissues and is one of the constituents of bile acids. Taurine is involved in a number of processes related to energy expenditure and muscle function, and can treat fatigue and muscles as well as improve immune function.

Dehydrocholic acid (Dehystolin) is a synthetic bile acid, produced by the oxidation of cholic acid.

Dehydrocholate sodium, a hydrocholeretic, can increase bile output to clear increased bile acid load.

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a potent inhibitor of liver-specific fatty acid transporter 5 (FATP5). Ursodeoxycholic acid inhibits cholesterol absorption and is used to dissolve gallstones.

Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) is a bile acid that inhibits 11β-HSD2 with an IC50 value of 22 mM. Chenodeoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to dissolve fat for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. Chenodeoxycholic acid is used as a choledocholithiasis, choledocholithiasis and laxative, as well as to prevent or dissolve gallstones.

Taurocholic acid sodium salt hydrate is a bile acid sodium salt hydrate that participates in fat emulsification and can be used to establish pancreatitis models.

7-Ketolithocholic acid (3α-Hydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholanic acid) is capable of absorption and suppresses the production of endogenous bile acid and the secretion of biliary cholesterol.

Lithocholic acid (3α-Hydroxy-5β-cholanic acid) is a toxic secondary bile acid, They were FXR antagonists (IC50=0.7, 1.4 μM), EphA2 antagonists (IC50=48, 66 μM) and EphB4 antagonists (IC50=141 μM). Lithocholic acid can promote intrahepatic cholestasis and promote tumorigenesis. Lithocholic acid is a cleanser that dissolves fat for absorption and is itself absorbed.

Methyl Cholate is the methyl ester form of bile acid, which is a major bile acid produced by the liver and synthesized from cholesterol.

Glycocholic acid (Glycocholate) is a bile acid with anticancer activity. Glycocholic acid targets against pump resistance-related and non-pump resistance-related pathways.

Cholic Acid (Cholate) is a major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Cholic acid facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.

Hyodeoxycholic acid (NSC 60672) has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hypercholesterolemia.

Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid (12-Deoxycholyltaurine) is one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid.

Glycocholic Acid Sodium Salt (Sodium Glycocholate) is a conjugated bile salt and ionic biologic detergent. It is involved in the emulsification of fats.

Glycoursodeoxycholic acid (Ursodeoxycholylglycine) is an acyl glycine and a bile acid-glycine conjugate. It is a secondary bile acid produced by the action of enzymes existing in the microbial flora of the colonic environment. In hepatocytes, both primary and secondary bile acids undergo amino acid conjugation at the C-24 carboxylic acid on the side chain, and almost all bile acids in the bile duct, therefore, exist in a glycine conjugated form. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals.

The mechanism by which Glycodeoxycholate Sodium induces apoptosis in hepatocytes is related to DNA cleavage by endonucleases. It is a secondary bile acid produced by the action of enzymes present in the microflora of the colonic environment.

Cholic acid sodium hydrate is a natural and orally active bile acid that is synthesized primarily by the liver and secreted into the bile, where it plays an important role in the digestive process, aiding in the absorption of fats by emulsifying them, as well as participating in the excretion of cholesterol and regulating the metabolism of bile acids.