hif/hif prolylhydroxylase

PX-478 is a HIF-1α inhibitor with selectivity, oral activity, and blood-brain barrier permeability. PX-478 has antitumor activity and also protects pancreatic β-cell function in diabetes mellitus and is used in type 2 diabetes mellitus research.

Deferoxamine Mesylate (DFOM) is an iron chelator and ferroptosis inhibitor. Deferoxamine Mesylate binds free iron into a stable complex and reduces iron accumulation. Deferoxamine Mesylate up-regulates HIF-1α levels and induces apoptosis.

Albendazole (SKF-62979) is used as a drug indicated for the treatment of a variety of worm infestations.

Hydroxycitric acid tripotassium hydrate (Potassium citrate monohydrate) is the major active ingredient of Garcinia cambogia and a derivative of citric acid, which effectively inhibits stone formation and HIF, and has antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-tumor effects. It also competitively inhibits ATP citrate lyase, offering weight loss benefits.

Glucosamine (Chitosamine) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. Supplemental glucosamine may help to rebuild cartilage and treat arthritis.

Chlorogenic acid is a natural phenol found in honeysuckle. Chlorogenic acid has a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective.

DMOG (Dimethyloxalylglycine), an antagonist of the α-ketoglutarate cofactor, is an inhibitor for HIF prolyl hydroxylase.

Roxadustat (FG-4592) is an orally bioavailable, hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI), with potential anti-anemic activity.

Minocycline hydrochloride (Minocycline HCl) is a tetracycline antibiotic with excellent absorption and tissue penetration that is used for several bacterial infections as well as treatment of acne. Minocycline hydrochloride can cause both an acute hepatitis-like syndrome occurring within 1 to 3 months of starting therapy or a more insidious chronic hepatitis with autoimmune features typically after long-term treatment.

Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits the biosynthesis of bacterial proteins. Chloramphenicol acts primarily on the 50S subunit of the bacterial 70S ribosome and is active against peptidyltransferases, inhibiting the formation of peptide bonds.

KRH102140 is a PHD2 activator that reduces angiogenesis by inhibiting HIF-1alpha, used in cardiovascular disease research.

PHD-IN-2 (Compound 91), a potent PHD antagonist with an IC50 of less than 5 nM, effectively stimulates erythropoietin synthesis in HEP3B cells with an EC50 of less than 2.5 μM. It is applicable for research purposes across various medical fields, including cardiovascular, metabolic, hematological, pulmonary, kidney, liver, and wound healing disorders, as well as cancer [1].

1. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Dimethylacrylshikonin) is a promising agent for developing an improved strategy for radiotherapy against tumors. (a) Injection of Dimethylacrylshikonin combined with IR treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth of the HCT-116 xenograft. (b) Dimethylacrylshikonin significantly suppressed the growth of H(22) transplantable hepatoma, and induced the activation of caspase-3 . (c) Dimethylacrylshikonin inhibited growth of gastric cancer SGC-791 cells by inducing ERK signaling pathway. 2. Dimethylacrylshikonin inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in vitro by inducing apoptosis through the downregulation of Bcl-2, upregulation of Bax and partial inactivation of the NF-κB pathway.

PHD2-IN-1, a potent and orally active HIF prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) inhibitor, exhibits an IC50 of 22.53 nM and is applicable in anemia research [1].

PHD-IN-1 (compound 80) is a potent PHD2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of ≤5 nM and demonstrates EC50 values of 2.5 μM in EPO Elisa assays in both Caco2-HIF1a-HiBiT-clone-1 and Hep3B cell lines [1].

HIF-1 alpha (556-574) TFA is a 19-residue fragment of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), the master regulator of oxygen homeostasis [1].

HIF-1α-IN-6 (compound 3s) is a potent inhibitor of HIF-1α with IC50 values of 0.6 nM and 53.3 nM in MiaPaCa-2 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively, and it suppresses HIF-1α expression by reducing HIF-1α mRNA levels [1].

Dencichine (ODAP) is a neurotoxic agent. Dencichine is a haemostatic agent, the hemostatic effect relates to modulation of the coagulation system, platelet aggregation and fibrinolytic system. It has renoprotective effect, it could significantly prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy possibly attribute to down-regulation of the TGF-β Smad pathway and rebalance the deposition and degradation of ECM proteins.

VHL-IN-1 (compound 30), a ubiquitin E3 ligase von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) inhibitor with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 37 nM, potently stabilizes HIF-1α and enhances its transcriptional activity. It shows promise for applications as a HIF-1α stabilizer and for the degradation of proteolytically targeted chimeras (PROTACs) [1].

Axl-IN-16 (Compound 4), an Axl inhibitor, not only suppresses Axl expression and HIF activity but also triggers fruiting body formation in Flammulina velutipes. This compound can be extracted from the fruiting liquid (FL) of Hypholoma lateritium and Hericium erinaceus [1].

Angiogenesis Agent 1 (Compound C-31), a glycoside analogue derived from salidroside, acts as an activator of the HIF-1α pathway and shows potential in diabetic hind limb ischemia research [1].

HIF-1α-IN-2 hydrochloride is a potent HIF-1α inhibitor exhibiting anticancer activity, with IC50 values of 28 nM in MDA-MB-231 cells and 15 nM in MiaPaCa-2 cells, effectively suppressing HIF-1α expression by inhibiting transcription and protein translation [1].

HIF-2α-IN-9 (compound 35r) is an HIF-2α inhibitor that effectively suppresses VEGF-A with an IC50 of 305 nM, modulates growth-promoting genes within tumor cells, and reactivates macrophage-mediated tumor immunity [1].

Velutin shows the strongest inhibitory effect in NF-κB activation and exhibits the greatest effects in blocking the degradation of inhibitor of NF-κB as well as in inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 and JNK phosphorylation. Velutin has anti-inflammatory property. Velutin exhibits the greatest potency among all flavones which reduce TNF-α and IL-6 production.