pde4

IBMX (Methylisobutylxanthine) is a broad-spectrum phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor with inhibitory activity against PDE3, PDE4, and PDE5 (IC50=6.5/26.3/31.7 μM). IBMX enhances the intracellular cAMP level.

Isomazole is a novel orally available phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor with calcium-sensitizing properties that inhibits PDE3 and PDE4.

Tofimilast (CP-325366), a PDE4 inhibitor, is used potentially for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

AWD 12-281 is a selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator activity used in the study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

MK-0873 is a novel and potent selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor.

Verofylline (Verofyllinum) is an orally available, long-acting, multiacting, methylxanthine-substituted bronchodilator with inhibitory effects on PDE4 for the treatment of asthma disease research obesity.

PF-07038124 HCl is a selective and potent PDE4 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.5 nM for PDE4B2.PF-07038124 HCl inhibits IL-13, IL-4, and IFNγ, and can be used in the study of skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis and plaque psoriasis.

Dovramilast (CC-11050) is an orally active phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor that reduces the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Dovramilast is used in the study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections and lupus erythematosus.

Pumafentrine(BY 343) is a dual PDE3/PDE4 inhibitor that reduces clinical scores and TNF expression in experimental colitis in mice.

Luteolin (Luteolol) belongs to the flavonoid group of natural products and is a Nrf2 inhibitor, PDE inhibitor. Luteolin has a wide range of biological activities including antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiallergic, and procoagulant.

Acefylline (Theophylline-7-acetic acid), a stimulant drug of the xanthine chemical class, acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist. It is combined with diphenhydramine in the pharmaceutical preparation Etanautine to help offset its stimulant effects

ICI 63197 (2-Amino-6-methyl-4-propyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5(4H)-one) is a PDE4 inhibitor.

Apremilast (CC-10004) (CC-10004) is a potent and orally active PDE4 (IC50=74 nM) with anti-inflammation activities.

Crisaborole (AN-2728) is a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor.

Drotaverine hydrochloride is a type 4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitor,and is an antispasmodic drug, used to enhance cervical dilation during childbirth. Drotaverine hydrochloride is structurally related to papaverine

FCPR03 is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) with IC50s of 31 nM, 47 nM, and 60 nM for PDE4B1, PDE4D7, and PDE4 catalytic domain, respectively. FCPR03 has neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant-like effects.

ML-030 is a potent and selective inhibitor of PDE4(PDE4A, PDE4A1, PDE4B1, PDE4B2, PDE4C1,and PDE4D2 with IC50 of 6.7 nM, 12.9 nM, 48.2 nM, 37.2 nM, 452 nM and 49.2 nM, respectively)

Apremilast D5 (CC-10004 D5) is a deuterium-labeled Apremilast. Apremilast is an orally available inhibitor of PDE-4 (IC50: 74 nM). Apremilast inhibits TNF-α release by lipopolysaccharide (IC50: 104 nM).

MY-5445 (N-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-phenylphthalazin-1-amine) is a specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). MY-5445 selectively inhibits cGMP PDE (Ki:1.3 μM).

Zardaverine (BY 290) is an orally available, selective and potent PDE3/4 inhibitor with bronchodilator activity and anti-hepatocarcinogenic activity.Zardaverine's action in platelets is mediated by PDE III isoenzymes and can be used in studies of acute renal failure and chronic airflow obstruction.

Ro 20-1724 (4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone) is a widely used inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase with IC50 of 2.0 μM and Ki of 3.1 μM.

GEBR-7b (3-(Cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxybenzaldehyde) is a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor.

Piclamilast (RP 73401) is a PDE4 inhibitor.

Ensifentrine (Ensifentrinum) is a PDE3/4 inhibitor, although its affinity for PDE3(IC50: 0.4 nM) is 3,440 times higher than that for PDE4(IC50: 1479 nM), that is under clinical development for the treatment of asthma and COPD and, potentially, cystic fibrosis.