ĸ opioid receptor

N-Methylcoclaurine shows binding affinities for the ĸ opioid receptor with the equilibrium dissociation constant (Ki) value of 0.9 ± 0.1 uM. N-methylcoclaurine also shows promising butyrylcholinesterase inhibition activities, with the IC50 value of 1

Progesterone is a steroid hormone that regulates the menstrual cycle and is essential for pregnancy. It is also commonly used to induce melasma models.

Mianserin hydrochloride (Org GB 94) is a tetracyclic compound with antidepressant properties that blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and certain serotonin receptors; it may cause drowsiness and hematological issues.

(-)-Menthol (Levomenthol) is a levo isomer of menthol, an organic compound made synthetically or obtained from peppermint or mint oils with flavoring and local anesthetic properties. When added to pharmaceuticals and foods, menthol functions as a fortifier for peppermint flavors. It also has a counterirritant effect on skin and mucous membranes, thereby producing a local analgesic or anesthetic effect.

Sinomenine (Kukoline) is a pure alkaloid isolated from the Sinomenium acutum, is utilized in the treatment of rheumatism and arthritis.

Matrine (Vegard), an alkaloid isolated from the Sophora genus, acts as a kappa opioid receptor agonist.

Sinomenine hydrochloride (Kukoline hydrochloride) is extracted from Sinomenium Acutum Rehderett Wilson.

Cuminaldehyde (Cuminal) is a natural aldehyde with inhibitory effect on alpha-synuclein fibrillation and cytotoxicity. Cuminaldehyde shows anticancer activity,with a pleasant smell and contributes to the aroma of essential oils.

6-Hydroxyflavanone, extracted from the leaves of Acorus calamus, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-neuropathic pain activity by targeting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), as well as opioid and GABA-A receptors. 6-Hydroxyflavanone has anti-injury sensory properties in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy model. in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy model with anti-injury sensory properties.

β-Endorphin, human, a prominent endogenous peptide found in the hypophysis cerebri and hypothalamus, is an agonist of [opioid receptor].

Salvinorin A is a non-nitrogenous κ-opioid selective agonist.

Herkinorin is an opioid analgesic and an analogue of the natural product Salvinorin A. herkinorin is a μ-opioid agonist with more than 100x higher μ-opioid affinity and 50x lower κ-opioid affinity compared to Salvinorin A. Herkinorin is a semi-synthetic c

Harmane (Loturine) is a bio-active β-Carboline and monoamine oxidase inhibitor found in coffee and tobacco smoke.

Amentoflavone (3',8''-Biapigenin), as a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9, can interact with many other medications. CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 are proteins used for drug metabolism in the body. Amentoflavone also is an inhibitor of human cathepsin B. It has antimalarial activity in trials significant affinities towards the Delta-1, kappa opioid receptors (as an antagonist) and binds to benzodiazepine receptors. Amentoflavone may be a potential lead for a new type of anti-inflammatory agents having the dual inhibitory activity of group II phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase. Amentoflavone and quercetin differentially exerted suppression of PGE2 biosynthesis via downregulation of COX-2/iNOS expression.

Sec-O-Glucosylhamaudol (Hamaudol 3-glucoside) has anti-inflammatory effect through regulation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. Intrathecal Sec-O-Glucosylhamaudol has a very strong antinociceptive effect in the formalin test and it seems the effect is related to an opioid receptor.

1. Corydaline (Corydalin), an isoquinoline alkaloid, is one of the major active constituents in a new prokinetic botanical agent. 2. Corydaline promotes gastric emptying and small intestinal transit and facilitates gastric accommodation. 3. Corydaline exhibits the anti-acetylcholinesterase, antiallergic, and antinociceptive activities. 4. Corydaline has potent inhibition of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9.

[Leu5]-Enkephalin (Leu-enkephalin) is an endogenous neuropeptide involved in nociception and an agonist of δ-opioid and μ-opioid receptors (Kis = 4.0 and 3.4 nM, respectively)

β-Endorphin, equine TFA, an endogenous opioid peptide, demonstrates high affinity binding to μ/δ opioid receptors and possesses analgesic properties [1] [2] [3] [4].

Dermorphin TFA is a new class of opioids-like peptides

Noscapine is a Non-addictive Opioid and Microtubule-Inhibitor in Potential Treatment of Glioblastoma.

Matrine (Standard) is the standard substance of Matrine, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Matrine (Vegard), an alkaloid isolated from the Sophora genus, acts as a kappa opioid receptor agonist.

Isopaynantheine (3-Isopaynantheine) is an alkaloid and a type of opioid agent. It exhibits antinociceptive activity in mice.

Akuammidine shows anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic properties, it has opioid analgesic activity, it shows a preference for mu-opioid binding sites with Ki values of 0.6, 2.4 and 8.6 microM at mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid binding sites, respectively.

Akuammigine has in vitro antimalarial activity. Akuammigine competitively antagonizes the effect of noradrenaline on postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors, yielding pA2 values of 4.68. Akuammidine also shows a preference for mu-opioid binding sites with Ki val