cyps

Tetrahydrocurcumin (HZIV 81-2), a major metabolite of curcumin, has strong antioxidant and cardioprotective properties.

Methoxsalen (NCI-C55903) is a Photoactivated Radical Generator and Psoralen. The mechanism of action of methoxsalen is as a Photoabsorption. The physiologic effect of methoxsalen is by means of Photosensitizing Activity.

Quinidine is a stereoisomer of the antimalarial agent quinine and a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent. for the treatment of abnormal heart rhythms and also malaria.

Ginsenoside C-K (Ginsenoside K) is a bacterial metabolite of G-Rb1 exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects by reducing iNOS and COX-2.

Apigenin (NSC 83244) is an aromatic oil extracted from the flowers or leaves of the daisy-like plants. Extracts, oils and teas made from chamomile are used for its soothing qualities as a sedative, mild analgesic and sleep medication. Apigenin has not been implicated in causing serum enzyme elevations or clinically apparent liver injury.

Dronedarone (SR 33589) is an amiodarone analogue which has an effective and promising treatment for Atrial fibrillation.

Ginsenoside Rd (Gypenoside VIII) may have properties that inhibit or prevent the growth of tumors.

Rhapontigenin (Protigenin) is a mechanism-based, selective inactivator of cytochrome P450 1A1 (IC50: 400 nM), an aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase which activates polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that act as procarcinogens. Rhapontigenin is a natural analog of resveratrol with antioxidant and anti-cancer activity. At higher concentrations, rhapontigenin inhibits the proliferation of HL-60R and HepG2 cancer cell lines (IC50: 48 μM).

Hypericin (Cyclosan) is a natural anthraquinone compound, an extract of Hypericum perforatum, which inhibits PKC, MAO, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, reverse transcriptase, telomerase, and CYP, etc. Hypericin exhibits antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, and antidepressant activities.

7-Ethoxy-4-Methylcoumarin is considered an inhibitor of enzymes in cells and has been used in studies of enzyme inhibition and has been used to study the effects of various drugs on the human body.

1. Bergaptol (4-Hydroxybergapten) shows very good radical scavenging activity. 2. Bergaptol is a potent inhibitor of debenzylation activity of CYP3A4 enzyme.

1. Bergamottin (5-Geranoxypsoralen) can significantly reduce blood glucose and increase glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in KK-A^{y< sup>diabetic mice.}

Phloracetophenone (1-(2,4,6-Trihydroxyphenyl)ethanone) has antiobesity and hypolipidemic effects, may be partly mediated by delaying the intestinal absorption of dietary fat by inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity.

Naringin (Naringoside), a flavanone glycoside, exerts various of pharmacological effects such as blood lipid lowering, antioxidant activity, anticancer activity, and inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Gentiopicroside (Gentiopicrin), a naturally occurring iridoid glycoside, extracted from Gentiana manshurica Kitag, inhibits P450 activity, with an IC50 and a Ki of 61 μM and 22.8 μM for CYP2A6; has antianti-inflammatoryand antioxidative effects.

Bergapten (5-Methoxypsoralen), a psoralen, inhibits cell replication.

2,6-Dimethylquinoline is a natural product extracted from the roots of Peucedantu praeruptorum. 2,6-Dimethylquinoline is an inhibitor of CYP1A2 and CYP2B6 with an IC50 of 3.3 and 480 µM, respectively.

Piperonylic acid (2H-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid) is a natural molecule bearing a methylenedioxy function that closely mimics the structure of trans-cinnamic acid. Piperonylic acid selectively inactivate the CYP73A P450 subpopulation.

Diosmetin (Luteolin 4-methyl ether) has been found to act as a weak TrkB receptor agonist.

7-Ethoxycoumarin, a typical human P450 substrate, is catalyzed by both wild-type and mutant forms of CYP102A1.

Galangin (Norizalpinin) is an agonist antagonist of the arylhydrocarbon receptor, and also shows inhibition of CYP1A1 activity.

Cedrol is a cedrane sesquiterpenoid and a tertiary alcohol,Cedrol inhibits the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 (Kis = 0.9 and 3.4 μM, respectively)

Phillyrin (Forsythin) is a novel AMPK activator, has anti-obesity effects in nutritive obesity mice, it can prevent lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells by blocking the expression of SREBP-1c and FAS through LKB1 AMPK activation. Phillyrin(Forsythin) may be a new preventive agent of acute lung injury in the clinical setting, it potentially contributes to the suppression of the activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways, it also has protective effects on H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cells.

Salvianolic Acid C is extracted from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza, a perennial plant in the genus Salvia.