γ-aminobutyric acid

γ-Aminobutyric acid belongs to natural products and functions as an agonist of GABAA and GABAB receptors, possessing central sedative effects, cell permeability, and the ability to modulate neuronal excitability. This compound is used in neuroscience research and exhibits anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotective activities.

Baclofen (Lioresal) is a synthetic chlorophenyl-butanoic acid derivative used to treat spasms due to spinal cord damage and multiple sclerosis, muscle-relaxing Baclofen acts as a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist specific for GABA-B receptors. It acts at spinal and supraspinal sites, reducing excitatory transmission.

Baclofen hydrochloride (4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid hydron chloride) is a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID derivative that is a specific GABA-B RECEPTORS agonist. It is used in the treatment of MUSCLE SPASTICITY, especially that due to SPINAL CORD INJURIES. Its therapeutic effects result from actions at spinal and supraspinal sites, generally the reduction of excitatory transmission.

Several different arachidonoyl amino acids, including N-arachidonoyl-3-hydroxy-γ-aminobutyric acid (NAG-3H-ABA), have been isolated and characterized from bovine brain. The glycine congener was further characterized and found to suppress formalin-induced pain in rats. NAG-3H-ABA was also found in rat brain by LC-MS techniques, but has not been fully characterized to date. Most arachidonoyl amino acids are poor ligands for the CB1 receptor.

Carbobenzoxy-4-aminobutyric acid is a PROTAC linker used in the synthesis of PROTAC molecules.

γ-Aminobutyric acid-13C4 is the 13C-labeled version of γ-Aminobutyric acid (TMSM-2425). Known as 4-Aminobutyric acid, this compound functions as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain. It interacts with ionotropic GABA receptors (GABAA receptors) and metabotropic receptors (GABAB receptors) to exert its effects.

γ-Aminobutyric acid-D2 is the deuterated form of γ-Aminobutyric acid. γ-Aminobutyric acid (T0508) (4-Aminobutyric acid) serves as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain, interacting with ionotropic GABA receptors (GABAA receptors) as well as metabotropic receptors (GABAB receptors) to exert its effects.

γ-Aminobutyric Acid (Standard) is the standard substance of γ-Aminobutyric Acid, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. γ-Aminobutyric acid (4-Aminobutyric acid) is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.

γ-Aminobutyric Acid-D2 (Standard) is a reference standard of γ-Aminobutyric Acid-D2 intended for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related biochemical research applications. γ-Aminobutyric acid-d2 is the deuterated form of γ-Aminobutyric acid. γ-Aminobutyric acid (4-Aminobutyric acid) serves as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain, interacting with ionotropic GABA receptors (GABAA receptors) as well as metabotropic receptors (GABAB receptors) to exert its effects.

Carboxyethyl-γ-aminobutyric acid is a reagent used in biochemical reactions.

Broflanilide is an insecticide that acts as a GABA receptor antagonist against DDT. It targets a novel allosteric site on insect GABA receptors, exhibits no cross-resistance, and demonstrates broad-spectrum efficacy. Broflanilide's metabolite, Desmethyl-Broflanilide, inhibits the RDL GABAR receptor in the Spodoptera litura moth with an IC50 value of 1.3 nM.

Alpidem (Ananxyl) is an anxiolytic drug from the imidazopyridine family. Alpidem does not produce sedative effects at normal doses, and is instead used specifically for the treatment of anxiety. Alpidem has nanomolar binding affinity for both the central benzodiaze

Riluzole (RP-54274) is a glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.

Topiramate (RWJ 17021) is a unique antiseizure medication that is used in the treatment of partial and generalized seizures. Topiramate has been rarely associated with hepatic injury and largely when used in combination with other anticonvulsant medications.

L-Cycloserine ((-)-Cycloserine) irreversibly inhibits GABA pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase in E. coli, as well in the brains of various animals, results in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in vivo.

Flumazenil (Ro 15-1788) antagonizes the benzodiazepine binding site of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)/benzodiazepine receptor complex in the central nervous system (CNS), thereby preventing the chloride channel opening events and inhibiting neuronal hyperpolarization. As a result, flumazenil reverses benzodiazepine-induced effects including sedation, psychomotor deficits, amnesia, and hypoventilation in a dose-dependent manner. Flumazenil is an imidazobenzodiazepine derivative, effective in reversing benzodiazepine-induced activities.

Pivagabine (CXB-722), a hydrophobic 4-aminobutyric acid derivative, exhibits neuromodulatory activity and successfully penetrates the blood-brain barrier in rats. It counteracts the impact of foot shock on GABAA receptor function and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) levels in the rat brain.

Bemegride (3-Ethyl-3-methylglutarimide), a central nervous system stimulant, serves as an antidote for barbiturate poisoning.

Clomethiazole (Distraneurin) is an orally active GABAA agonist and it is an anticonvulsant agent. It also has the potential for treating convulsive status epilepticus. Chlormethiazole inhibits cytochrome P450 isoforms: CYP2A6 and CYP2E1 in human liver microsomes.

Emamectin Benzoate (MK-244), by binding gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor and glutamate-gated chloride channels disrupting nerve signals within arthropods, acts as a chloride channel activator.

Piperazine citrate, an organic compound, consists of a six-membered ring, containing two nitrogen atoms at opposite positions in the ring. It used as an Anthelmintic.

Fipronil (Fluocyanobenpyrazole) is a broad-use insecticide that belongs to the phenylpyrazole chemical family. Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide that disrupts the insect central nervous system by blocking GABA-gated chloride channels and glutamate-gated chloride (GluCl) channels, resulting in central nervous system toxicity. This causes hyperexcitation of contaminated insects' nerves and muscles. Specificity of fipronil on insects may come from a better efficacy on GABA receptor, but also because GluCl channels do not exist in mammals.

DL-Menthol ((±)-Menthol) is a racemic mixture of the monoterpene alcohols (–)-menthol and (+)-menthod, which have been found in Cannabis. (–)-Menthol is more common than (+)-menthol in nature and exhibits analgesic, antibacterial, and anticancer properties, as well as inhibits cholinesterase.2 (+)-Menthol inhibits the growth of F. verticillioides (MIC: 1.5 mM) but, unlike (–)-menthol, does not exhibit analgesic, antibacterial, anticancer, or cholinesterase inhibitory activities.

3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid (O-Methylsinapic acid) (TMCA) is one of the constituents of Polygalae Radix and may exert anti-seizure activity by acting at the GABAA/BZ receptor complex.