protection

Macranthoidin A has anti-inflammation activity.

1. Orientin (Luteolin-8-glucoside) may be regarded as a candidate therapeutic agent for treatment of vascular inflammatory diseases via inhibition of the HMGB1 signaling pathway. 2. Orientin protects vascular barrier integrity by inhibiting hyperpermeability, expression of CAMs, and adhesion and migration of leukocytes, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a therapy for vascular inflammatory diseases. 3. Orientin has neuroprotection effect by the intracellular mediation of caspase activity; may alleviate cognitive deficits and oxidative stress in AD mice; can exert antidepressant-like effects on CUMS mice, specifically by improving central oxidative stress, neurotransmission, and neuroplasticity.

Aloesin is a C-glycosylated chromone compound found in aloe (Liliaceae) that inhibits tyrosinase (IC50 = 0.9 mM), an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the first step of the conversion of tyrosine to melanin.

Tramiprosate (Alzhemed) is an orally active, blood-brain-barrier-crossing, naturally occurring amino acid found in a variety of red seaweeds that binds soluble Aβ and maintains it in a non-protofibrillar form.It is a GABA analog with neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, and antihypertensive activity.

Bilobalide ((-)-Bilobalide), a bioactive from Gingko Biloba, is active on hypoxia-induced alterations.

Notoginsenoside R1 (Sanchinoside R1) has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and immune-stimulatory properties.

Norharmane (β-Carboline) is a natural β-carboline first isolated from plants of the Zygophyllaceae family.

β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a natural nucleotide and a key intermediate in the synthesis of coenzyme I (NAD+). β-nicotinamide mononucleotide is involved in a number of biochemical reactions in the human body, which are related to immunity and metabolism.

Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside) exhibits a protective effect on rat hepatocytes, inhibits COX-2 activity, has antimicrobial properties, and is a promising anti-HIV agent. Additionally, it demonstrates scavenging activity against DPPH radicals and superoxide anions, alleviates osteoarthritis, and increases brain cell membrane fluidity in ischemia-reperfusion rats.

Sanggenol A inhibits influenza A viral and pneumococcal neuraminidase, hence functioning as a dual-acting anti-infective agent.

L-Cystathionine (Cystathionine, L-) is a key nonprotein amino acid related to metabolic conditions of sulfur-containing amino acids. L-Cystathionine can be used in studies about cardiovascular protection.

Nicotinamide riboside increases NAD[+] levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3, culminating in enhanced oxidative metabolism and protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities.

Sinapinic Acid (Synapoic acid) protects the rat liver from CCl4-induced inflammation, most likely by acting as a free radical scavenger and modulator of NF-κB p65 activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Sinapic acid with antioxidant role protects cardiac cells and its functions from I/R induced oxidative stress. Sinapic acid is a potentially useful agent for the protection against liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Sinapic acid prevents the alterations in the levels of lipids and lipoproteins by virtue of its anti-lipidaemic effect in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarcted rats. Sinapic acid ameliorates hyperglycemia through PLC-PKC signals to enhance the glucose utilization in diabetic rats.

FERULIC ACID METHYL ESTER (Methyl ferulate) is a hydroxycinnamic acid that is abundant in plants and originally derived from giant fennel (F. communis). This naturally-occurring phenolic has antioxidant activities that provide protection against inflammation and cancer. Ferulic acid methyl ester is a lipophilic derivative of ferulic acid, demonstrating increased ability to cross cell membranes.

(±)-Myrtenol is the specific enantiomeric form of the bicyclic monoterpene alcohol known as Myrtenol. (-)-Myrtenol has been demonstrated to possess significant anti-anxiety effects in preclinical behavioral models; additionally, (-)-Myrtenol exhibits characteristics of gastric cell protection, suggesting potential therapeutic applications for gastrointestinal conditions.

Gum arabic is an orally active natural branched polymer primarily composed of a mixture of polysaccharides and glycoproteins. It exhibits biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and antimicrobial properties, commonly used in biomaterials, stabilizers, emulsifiers, etc. Gum Arabic demonstrates hepatoprotective, cardiovascular protective, anti-obesity, and upregulation of cell maturation marker expression activities.

(E)-Ligustilide has renal protection and was isolated from Angelica sinensis.

Chrysotoxine (Phenol, 4-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2,6-dimethoxy-) inhibits 6-hydroxydopamine induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells via NF-κB modulation and mitochondria protection.

Hyperoside (Hyperin) is a naturally occuring flavonoid compound which shows multiple bioactivities, including myocardial protection, anti-redox, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Gypenoside XVII (Gynosaponin S) confers protection against Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity through estrogen receptor-dependent activation of PI3K/Akt pathways, activation of Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 and inactivation of GSK-3β pathways.

Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside (Apigenin-8-C-glucoside) is a compound contributes to the protection against H O -mediated oxidative stress damage.

Jujuboside B has potent inhibitory effects on collagen-, thrombin-, AA-, and ADP-induced aggregation, and also exhibits superior protection on the thromboembolic model.

Aralosides possess protective effect against experimental myocardial ischemia and infarction, the mechanism of myocardial protection may be attributed to the amelioration of FFA metabolic deterioration and membrane peroxidation induced by oxygen free radi

(+)-Magnoflorine (Thalictrin) has sedative and anxiolytic effects, probably mediated by Magnoflorine through a GABAergic mechanism of action. Magnoflorine and Sinomenine have protective effects, are mediated by some mechanism other than prevention of micelle formation or protection of the erythrocyte membrane against osmotic imbalance.