ionotropic glutamate receptors

IEM 1754 2HBr (IEM 1754 dihydrobromide) is a selective AMPA kainate receptor blockers for GluR1 and GluR3 with IC50 of 6 μM.

Piracetam (UCB-6215), a cyclic derivative of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is used in therapy of the extensive cognitive disorders.

Orphenadrine hydrochloride (Mephenamin) is a muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.

Memantine hydrochloride (Memantine HCl) is an AMANTADINE derivative that has some dopaminergic effects. Memantine hydrochloride has been proposed as an antiparkinson agent.

1-Aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid (ACBC) is a NMDA receptor partial agonist. 1-Aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid act at the glycine site, NR1[1].

1. Linalool (Linalol), a natural compound of the essential oils, has been shown to have antinociceptive, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. 2. Linalool was protected against LPS GalN-induced liver injury through induction of antioxidant defense via Nrf2 activating and reduction inflammatory response via NF-κB inhibition. 3. Linalool biosynthesis and accumulation might be involved in plant defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens and be associated with field resistance to citrus canker. 4. Linalool significantly increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes regulated by Nrf-2 and diminished lung tissue levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6.

L-Phenylalanine (3-Phenyl-L-alanine) is an essential amino acid and the precursor of the amino acid tyrosine, acts as an antagonist at α2δ calcium channels.

Decanoic Acid (Caprynic acid) acts as a non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist.

N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid is an amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA (N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid) receptor subtype of glutamate receptors.

L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt (MSG) (Monosodium glutamate) is an activator of mGlu1 receptor.

IDRA-21 is a positive AMPA receptor modulator.

D-Serine ((R)-Serine), an endogenous amino acid, is a potent co-agonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor.

Cycloleucine is an antagonist of NMDA receptor associated glycine receptor with a Ki of 600 μM. Cycloleucine is also a competitive inhibitor of S-adenosyl-methionine mediated methylation with anxiolytic and cytostatic effects.

glycine (2-Aminoacetic acid) is a non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.

MK-801 (Dizocilpine (MK-801)) is a potent N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist with Ki of 30.5 nM.

6-Methoxy-2-naphthoic acid (6-Methoxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid) is an modulator of NMDAR.

Selfotel is a NMDA receptor antagonist.

D-AP5 (D-APV) is an NMDA receptor antagonist.

(S)-(-)-5-Fluorowillardiine ((S)-5-Fluorowillardiine) is an AMPA receptor-specific agonist.

(RS)-(Tetrazol-5-yl)glycine (LY 285265) [(D,L-(tetrazol-5-yl)glycine] is an effective and selective N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist with EC50s of 99 nM for GluN1 GluN2D and 1.7 μM for GluN1 GluN2A.

MDL-29951 is a novel glycine antagonist for NMDA receptor activation.

Felbamate (W-554) is an Anti-epileptic Agent. The physiologic effect of felbamate is by means of Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity.

UBP310 (UBP 310) is a GLUK5 kainate receptor antagonist

(-)-Huperzine A (HupA) , an active Lycopodium alkaloid extracted from the traditional Chinese herb, is a potent, selective and reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and has been widely used in China for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).