diabetes mellitus

Deferoxamine Mesylate (DFOM) is an iron chelator and ferroptosis inhibitor. Deferoxamine Mesylate binds free iron into a stable complex and reduces iron accumulation. Deferoxamine Mesylate up-regulates HIF-1α levels and induces apoptosis.

VULM 1457 is a potent ACAT inhibitor. VULM 1457 has remarkable hypolipidaemic activity and improves the overall myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury outcomes. VULM1457 significantly reduces production and secretion of adrenomedullin (AM) and down-regulates AM receptors on human hepatoblastic cells.

Chembridge-5861528 (TCS 5861528) is a TRPA1 channel blocker that inhibits AITC- and 4-HNE-induced calcium influx with IC50 values of 14.3 μM and 18.7 μM, respectively.

AZD9977 is a novel, selective modulator of mineralocorticoid receptor .

Rosiglitazone (BRL49653) is a PPARγ agonist, TRPC5 activator, and TRPM3 inhibitor with oral activity. Rosiglitazone is also a hypoglycemic agent and a thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer.

Dapagliflozin (BMS-512148) is a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter subtype 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with antihyperglycemic activity.

PX-478 is a HIF-1α inhibitor with selectivity, oral activity, and blood-brain barrier permeability. PX-478 has antitumor activity and also protects pancreatic β-cell function in diabetes mellitus and is used in type 2 diabetes mellitus research.

Tirzepatide sodium is the sodium salt form of a dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist peptide drug that enhances insulin secretion and improves glycemic control by simultaneously activating GIP and GLP-1 receptors. In research and clinical settings, Tirzepatide sodium has also demonstrated effects in reducing body weight and improving metabolic parameters, and is used in studies related to type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorders.

(2R,3S)-N-(4-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-(5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-3-(5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)butane-2-sulfonamide is an Apelin receptor agonist with an EC50 for Apelin receptors of 0.012 µM.(2R,3S)-N-(4-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-(5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-3-(5- methylpyrimidin-2-yl)butane-2-sulfonamide is used in the treatment of heart failure, atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes mellitus, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, coronary artery disease, hypertension, stroke and myocardial infarction.

PF-04937319 is an activator of glucokinase (EC50 =154.4  μM). PF-04937319 maintains glucose-lowering efficacy while mitigating the risk of hypoglycemia observed with many other glucokinase activators. PF-04937319 can be used in research on the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

K-111 (BM-170744) is an orally available peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha agonist and insulin enhancer for the study of obesity-type diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome.

Globalagliatin (LY2608204) has been used in trials studying the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2.

Granotapide is a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitor that treats and rather prevents atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes mellitus, prediabetes mellitus, and hypertension.

Glycogen phosphorylase-IN-1 is a selective and potent inhibitor of human hepatic glycogen phosphorylase (hlGPa) with inhibitory effects on hlGPa activity and on hepatocyte glycogen-derived glucose production, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes mellitus and canine lupus.

Ciamexon (Ciamexone) is a novel immunomodulator that has shown promising results in experimental models of autoimmune disease with little demonstrated cytotoxicity.Ciamexon can be used to study endocrine ophthalmopathies and diabetes mellitus, with slight improvement in ophthalmic disease following short-term administration.

Enpp-1-IN-16 is an inhibitor targeting ENPP1 with potential anti-cancer activity.Enpp-1-IN-16 can be used to study insulin resistance in relation to type II diabetes mellitus and various ENPP1-mediated diseases in the chondrocalcinosis and osteoarthritis classes.

Sitagliptin (MK0431), a new oral hypoglycemic (anti-diabetic drug), is a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. This enzyme-inhibiting drug is used either alone or in combination with metformin or thiazolidinedione for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The drug can competitively inhibit a protein/enzyme and DPP-4, that leads to an incremental amount of active incretins (GLP-1 and GIP), the diminished amount of release of glucagon and increased release of insulin.

Acarbose (BAY g 5421) is a hypoglycemic agent that is an inhibitor of orally active alpha-glucosidase (IC50=11 nM). Acarbose enhances the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas or insulin.

Berberine sulfate (Berberal) is a quaternary ammonium salt of the benzylisoquinoline alkaloid proto-berberines, which can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes mellitus, abdominal obesity and metabolism-related fatty liver disease.

Chlorpropamide (Diabinese) is a sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.

Repaglinide (AG-EE 623ZW) is a benzoic acid derivative that stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas and is used in the therapy of type 2 diabetes. Repaglinide has been linked to rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.

Diacerein (Fisiodar) is a prodrug which is metabolized to rhein. It is currently approved in France for the treatment of osteoarthritis although the use of diacerein is restricted due to the side effects including sevre diarrhea [L780]. Diacerein is under investigation for the treatment of Insulin Resistance, Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2), and Diabetes-Related Complications.

Duloxetine hydrochloride ((S)-Duloxetine hydrochloride) is a thiophene derivative and selective neurotransmitter uptake inhibitor for serotonin and noradrenaline (SNRI). It is an antidepressant agent and anxiolytic, also used for treating pain in patients with diabetes mellitus and fibromyalgia.

Ertugliflozin L-pyroglutamic acid (PF-04971729 L-pyroglutamic acid) is a selective and orally active hSGLT2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.877 nM, suitable for studies on the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.