hepatocytes

Methimazole (Thiamazole) is an antithyroid compound with significant hepatotoxicity and is often used in the study of hyperthyroidism.

Acifluorfen is a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor herbicide that promotes the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX. It induces liver tumors, liver injury, and cardiac dysfunction in rodents, and causes severe photooxidative damage to pigments and lipids in susceptible plants. It can be used to induce hepatitis and pancreatitis.

Atorvastatin Sodium (Lipitor) is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase and increases the expression of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on hepatocytes. Atorvastatin Sodium treatment inhibits aquaporin 4 to reduce ischaemic brain oedema.

Azalanstat (RS 21607) is an orally available selective mammalian lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase inhibitor with hypocholesterolemic activity that inhibits cholesterol synthesis in HepG2 cells, human fibroblasts, hamster hepatocytes, and hamster livers through inhibition of the cytochrome P450 enzyme, lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase.

LI-2242 is a potent inositol hexakisphosphate kinase (IP6K) inhibitor with IC50s of 31 nM, 42 nM, 8.7 nM, and 1944 nM for IP6K1, IP6K2, IP6K3, and IPMK, respectively.LI-2242 ameliorated hepatic steatosis by reducing the expression of genes that enhance lipid uptake, lipid stabilization, and adipogenesis, and enhanced mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and insulin signaling in adipocytes and hepatocytes in vitro. LI-2242 ameliorated diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis in mice.LI-2242 can be used to study type II diabetes, obesity, metabolic complications, venous thrombosis and psychiatric disorders.

AMPK activator 12 is an AMPK activator and GDF15 inducer that elevates the expression level of GDF15 protein in human hepatocytes, which can be used for cancer research.

AICAR (Acadesine) is an AMPK activator. AICAR has the functions of metabolic regulation, muscle function regulation, anti-cancer effect, neuroprotection and anti-aging.

FH1 (NSC-12407) (BRD-K4477), a small molecule, enhances the functions of hepatocytes and promotes differentiation hepatocytes derived by iPS.

1. Oxyresveratro can inhibit tyrosinase activity. 2. Oxyresveratro is useful to trauma models, as toxicity to glia could be beneficial by inhibiting reactive gliosis. 3. Oxyresveratrol (trans-Oxyresveratrol) has antioxidant activity, can reduce neuronal oxidative damage and protect hepatocytes against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be associated with activation of Nrf2.

Glycoursodeoxycholic acid (Ursodeoxycholylglycine) is an acyl glycine and a bile acid-glycine conjugate. It is a secondary bile acid produced by the action of enzymes existing in the microbial flora of the colonic environment. In hepatocytes, both primary and secondary bile acids undergo amino acid conjugation at the C-24 carboxylic acid on the side chain, and almost all bile acids in the bile duct, therefore, exist in a glycine conjugated form. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals.

The mechanism by which Glycodeoxycholate Sodium induces apoptosis in hepatocytes is related to DNA cleavage by endonucleases. It is a secondary bile acid produced by the action of enzymes present in the microflora of the colonic environment.

Cholesteryl Hemisuccinate (Cholesterol hydrogen succinate) is a highly soluble cholesterol analogue often used in polar solutions for its hepatoprotective, anticancer and tumour growth inhibiting properties. Cholesteryl Hemisuccinate inhibits the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen and prevents AAP-induced apoptosis and necrosis in hepatocytes. Cholesteryl Hemisuccinate inhibits DNA polymerase and DNA topoisomerase, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair as well as cell division.

Indole-4-carboxaldehyde is a natural product.

SQ22536 (9-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-9h-purin-6-amine) , the adenosine analogue 9-(Tetrahydro-2-furyl)adenine, inhibited adenylate cyclase activity of crude membrane preparations from catfish (Ictalurus melas) and rat isolated hepatocytes in a non-competitive manner.

SR-18292 is an inhibitor of PPAR gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), which increases PGC-1α acetylation, suppresses gluconeogenic gene expression and reduces glucose production in hepatocytes.

1. Betulonic acid (Liquidambaric acid) amide stimulated the regenerative response in hepatocytes under conditions of combined toxic exposure and promoted recovery of their qualitative and quantitative characteristics, which was accompanied by a significant decrease in the severity of liver fibrosis and the absence of cirrhotic transformation of the liver. 2. Betulonic acid derivatives have a promising cytostatic activity in vitro and could be used as potential leads for the development of new type of anti-cancer agents. 3. Betulonic acid has antiholestatic effects in mice.

Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA (γ-glutamylcysteine TFA) is a precursor of glutathione (GSH) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It alleviates oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage induced by ethanol in hepatocytes by increasing cellular GSH, SOD activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential, protecting cells from alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) by inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing inflammation, and preventing cell apoptosis.

ICA-105665 (PF-04895162) is a potent and orally active opener of neuronal Kv7.2 7.3 and Kv7.3 7.5 potassium channels. ICA-105665 had low cytotoxic potential in human hepatocytes but inhibited liver mitochondrial function and bile salt export protein (BSEP) transport (IC50 of 311 μM). ICA-105665 can penetrate the central nervous system (CNS) and has antiseizure effects [1][2][3][4].

4',5-Di-O-methyl quercetin is a naturally occurring quercetin derivative with the potential to induce differentiation of human stem cells into hepatocytes.

Gadoxetate Disodium is used to evaluate focal liver lesions, such as hepatocellular carcinoma or liver metastasis on T1-weighted imaging. It is a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the hepatobiliary system. It accumulates in normal, fun

The dose-dependent effect of PF-915275 on the conversion of cortisone to cortisol in primary human and monkey hepatocytes (EC50: 20 and 100 nM, respectively). PF-915275 is an effective and selective human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor

Taribavirin hydrochloride is an orally active inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor designed to concentrate within the liver to target HCV-infected hepatocytes, while minimizing distribution within red blood cells and the development of hemolytic anemia [2].

Taribavirin is an orally active inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor designed to concentrate within the liver to target HCV-infected hepatocytes, while minimizing distribution within red blood cells (RBCs) and thereby reducing the risk of developing hemolytic anemia.

SM360320 (CL-087) is an effective and selective agonist of TLR7. SM360320 inhibits HCV replication in hepatocytes via a type I IFN-independent mechanism in addition to its IFN-mediated activity. SM360320 can be used for research on acting as an immunological adjuv